Factores de riesgo psicosociales en adolescentes embarazadas, en instituciones educativas fiscales del Distrito de Educación 01D02, Cuenca Sur, en el periodo 2022-2023

Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy is a problem with high rates in the Ecuadorian context. In addition to the health complications that may arise due to incomplete physical maturation of adolescents, there are also psychosocial risk factors that predispose to mental health problems. Among them are sociodemographic characteristics, low self-esteem, low perceived family functionality, and perception of low social support. The present study aims to describe psychosocial risk factors in pregnant adolescents from public educational institutions of District 01D02 of the Ministry of Education, Cuenca Sur, in the period 2022-2023. For this purpose, a socioeconomic data sheet, the APGAR family test, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were applied. Thirty-two pregnant adolescents participated in this study and were selected by means of non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The results indicate that 16% of them have low self-esteem, 50% (N=16) perceive a low, medium or severe degree of family dysfunction, and the perceived social support is located in medium scores, being significant people outside the family or friends the main source of it. It can be concluded that, for the selected sample, the risk factor with the greatest impact is the perceived family dysfunctionality, which varies according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. In addition, self-esteem and perceived social support present average levels to a greater extent, so it can be deduced that they are not significant risk factors for the study participants.