Factores asociados a la ictericia neonatal y su respuesta al tratamiento, en recién nacidos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso de la ciudad de Cuenca, durante el año 2020

Abstract

The present study seeks to determine the factors associated with the development of jaundice and how newborns respond to treatment, in the Neonatology area of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, during the year 2020, through the statistical analysis of variables obtained from the review of clinical histories and laboratory results. To determine the relationship between the variables studied, the Chi-Square statistical test was applied, the behavior of the variables that showed correlation and the response to treatment was analyzed using the following programs: SPSS v 26.0 and Excel 2016. The variables determined as factors associated with the development of neonatal jaundice were: gestational age, weight, blood group incompatibility, maternal illness during pregnancy, type of delivery and complications, obstetric trauma, comorbidity and type of feeding. Regarding treatment, the most frequently applied therapeutic measure was Simple Phototherapy, the greatest decrease in serum bilirubin concentration was achieved with the use of Intensive Phototherapy + Phenobarbital, reserved for patients at higher risk. The main adverse effect recorded was dehydration, the treatment that presented the most adverse effects was Intensive Phototherapy + Phenobarbital, while Simple Phototherapy was the treatment that reported the least adverse effects. The results obtained show that neonatal jaundice is an important public health problem due to the high prevalence found, most of the neonates were diagnosed after 24 hours of birth and were at risk of developing bilirubin encephalopathy, in addition discrepancies were observed between the clinical evaluation and laboratory results, which is related to the high rate of readmissions associated with this disorder.