Revisión bibliográfica de la influencia de la actividad física durante el embarazo

Abstract

Background: Physical activity and pregnancy have had a very questioned relationship. That is why this work collects through scientific evidence, the advantages of physical activity during the gestation period and contraindications when prescribing physical activity. Objective: To analyze the influence of physical activity on pregnancy through a literature review. Methodology: It is based on a systematic and literary review of articles published in the last decade in English and Spanish of digital bases of free access from the documentation center of the University of Cuenca, also articles in indexed journals filtered in the scimago page. The search criteria that were taken into account were key words such as: "pregnancy", "pregnant", "physical activity", "physical exercise". Results: Scientific evidence shows a direct relationship between physical activity and pregnancy where we find benefits of great importance for both the pregnant woman and the fetus. Being the most cited benefits: the decrease in the appearance of gestational diabetes and obesity, reduction of the probability of caesarean sections, improves mood and mental health; in addition to creating a healthy habit of continuous physical activity. Main most cited physical activities that are performed during pregnancy: walking, water exercises, yoga, pilates, stationary bike, aerobic gymnastics. Conclusion: This work highlights the importance of physical activity during pregnancy; as well as the minimum recommendations that should be known before starting with exercise and the prescription of it taking into account the frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise