Detección del gen blaTEM en enterobacterales productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en cepas procedentes de la Clínica Santa Ana y Hospital Universitario del Río, Cuenca 2024

Abstract

Background: Bacteria of the Enterobacterales type are gram-negative bacilli of great clinical and epidemiological relevance due to their ability to acquire extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibacterials. The most common genes encoding these enzymes are blaCTX-M, blaSHV y blaTEM. The latter was the first gene studied after showing an association with ESBLs, with 243 variants identified to date. Its global dissemination makes it an important clinical marker to look into. Objetives: To detect the presence of the blaTEM gene in Enterobacterales producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in strains from Santa Ana Clinic and Del Rio University Hospital, in Cuenca in 2024. Methods: The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional. The universe comprised 85 ESBL-producing Enterobacterales strains isolated from Santa Ana Clinic and Del Rio University Hospital in 2024. Data was analyzed in simple and contingency tables using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS. Results: 85 Enterobacterales strains were isolated, and 100% of them tested positive for ESBL. The blaTEM gene was detected in 37.6%. Out of these, 75% was Escherichia coli, 18,8% was Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3.1% was Proteus mirabilis, and 3.1% was Morganella morganii. Analysis of different biological samples showed that most isolated strains came from urine samples (87.5%). Conclusions: Results point out that 37.6% of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae carry the blaTEM gene.