Prevalencia y perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de bacterias aisladas en pacientes con infección de vías urinarias en un centro de salud de Cuenca, Ecuador, durante el período 2019-2022

Abstract

In recent years, urinary tract infections have become one of the main causes of outpatient medical consultation; however, in Ecuador, little information is available on the microorganisms isolated and their susceptibility profile in community patients. In this study, we determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated in patients with urinary tract infection in a first level of care health center, type B during the period 2019 to 2022, associating the risk factors of the patients. The method for the development of this work was descriptive, observational, quantitative through a cross-sectional study, using documentary techniques. The population consisted of 297 urine cultures, corresponding to an equal number of patients, of which 71 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, representing 23.91%, and the remaining 226 urine cultures were negative. Once the present study was concluded, it was found that the main microorganism isolated was Escherichia coli (88.73%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.82%), Proteus mirabilis (1.41%), Citrobacter freundii (1.41%) and Citrobacter koseri (1.41%) and gram-positive microorganisms such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.82%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.41%). The microorganisms reported showed sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics (>50,00%), while greater resistance was observed for fluoroquinolonas (46,03%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (30,16%). The most reported risk factor was pregnancy (18.31%); however, the lack of data in the patients' medical records accounted for 66.20%, which was a limitation in this study.