Efectos secundarios al tratamiento de quimioterapia en pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga del 2015 al 2019

Abstract

Breast cancer is a pathology that, due to mutations, causes a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells that cover the mammary gland. Its incidence continues to increase and it is considered the most frequent malignant neoplasm in women. Among the treatment options, chemotherapy constitutes a fundamental pillar, however, it produces side effects on the patient's health, among them neutropenia, although it has been a topic of great interest, there has been no evidence of updated research work in relation to these side effects in our city. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted, data was obtained from medical records at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, corresponding to the period 2015-2019 of patients with a diagnosis of breast carcinoma who met the inclusion criteria. We analyzed the entire universe made up of 351 patients who received chemotherapy, the data collected were obtained through the hospital's medical record registration system and were tabulated in Excel version 2019 and analyzed in SPSS version 21 according to descriptive statistics. The mean age at the time of diagnosis of breast carcinoma was 54.4 years; (62.40%) of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and (32.80%) neoadjuvant chemotherapy; the most commonly used drugs were anthracyclines (45.30%); Among the adverse effects of treatment, fatigue (75.80%), nausea (71.80%), vomiting (68.90%), neutropenia (51.30%) and alopecia (49.30%) predominated. The mortality rate was 7.69% without being able to directly relate it to the drug administered.