Diseño de un dispositivo IoT para la detección de celo en ganado bovino

Abstract

This is being done through artificial insemination in cattle. This method makes it possible to dispense with the use of bulls, which are often difficult to handle. In order to perform the insemination, the cattle must be in estrus. Depending on the quality with which the estrus detection technique is performed, the efficiency of the insemination increases. For estrus detection, continuous observation methods are currently used, but they are not effective, thus losing the animal’s estrus many times. For this reason, there is a need to develop a prototype that facilitates the detection by acquiring data of the cow’s physical behavior and transmitting them in real time in order to have them available in a timely manner. This project seeks to design and develop an IoT device that collects data from the behavior of a cow, detects a possible estrus, stores this data and transmits it, with a coverage range of 1 km in line of sight. This IoT device runs the LoRaWAN protocol on a microcontroller. The status of the board will be monitored with a temperature and humidity sensor. The data will be backed up on a micro SD memory card, and then transmitted to a Gateway with its respective timestamp, for this a real time clock will be used. DevelopmentThe developed device is a two-sided PCB circuit. For estrus detection, continuous observation methods are currently used, but they are not effective, thus losing the animal’s estrus many times. For this reason, there is a need to develop a prototype that facilitates the detection by acquiring data of the cow’s physical behavior and transmitting them in real time in order to have them available in a timely manner. This project seeks to design and develop an IoT device that collects data from the behavior of a cow, detects a possible estrus, stores this data and transmits it, with a coverage range of 1 km in line of sight. This IoT device runs the LoRaWAN protocol on a microcontroller. The status of the board will be monitored with a temperature and humidity sensor. The data will be backed up on a micro SD memory card, and then transmitted to a Gateway with its respective timestamp, for this a real time clock will be used. DevelopmentThe developed device is a two-sided PCB circuit. To reduce its size, surface mount technology was used. Its dimensions are 60mm × 40mm, encapsulated in an IP65 container; which will be placed in a vest on a cow. The Gateway will be connected to the transceiver through a PCB board, which will be encapsulated in another container with IP65 technology and connected to a LAN network. Once the corresponding tests were carried out in two animals of the farm, the results were successful, achieving timely detection of estrus in both experiments. In conclusion, the design and development of the IoT prototype is a valid method for the study of estrus detection in cattle, satisfactorily fulfilling the objectives set; leaving a basis to continue with future studies related to the subject of cattle.