Prevalencia de riesgo alto de fibrosis hepática mediante FIB-4 y factores asociados en pacientes con sobrepeso, obesidad y diabetes del grupo industrial GRAIMAN. Cuenca. 2025

Abstract

Steatohepatitis associated with metabolic dysfunction (MASH) has increased in global incidence in recent decades. It is linked to obesity, diabetes, and the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of high risk for liver fibrosis using the FIB-4 index and to identify associated factors in patients with overweight, obesity, and diabetes from the Graiman Industrial Group, Cuenca, 2025. A quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 517 workers from the Graiman Industrial Group in Cuenca, in 2025. A worker database was used, with prior authorization obtained through the signing of informed consent sent via email. Additional data were collected, and the liver fibrosis risk index was calculated using the following equation: FIB-4 score = [Age (years) × AST (U/L)] / [Platelets (10⁹/L) × √ALT (U/L)]. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were applied. The results showed a predominance of male participants (88.4%), with a mean age of 40.18 ± 9.22 years. 69.4% were overweight, and 30.6% had some degree of obesity. According to the FIB-4 index, 9.1% were at high risk for liver fibrosis. Although higher risk was observed among workers with HDL ≤45 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, and increased waist circumference, none of these associations reached statistical significance (p > 0.05). However, a BMI ≥27 kg/m² showed a trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.082), suggesting a possible clinical association.