Relación entre factores de riesgo psicosociales versus aparición de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en docentes universitarios de la Facultad de Odontología, periodo septiembre 2024 - febrero 2025

Abstract

Psychosocial risk factors in the workplace, such as insufficient comfort, excessive workload, and inappropriate ergonomic adjustments, have a negative impact on teachers' productivity and health by potentially causing musculoskeletal disorders and functionally limiting the locomotor system due to pain and injury. The objective of the study is to determine the relationship between psychological and social risk factors and the emergence of musculoskeletal disorders in the teaching position of the University of Cuenca's Odontology Faculty between September 2024 and February 2025. Methodology: An analytical cross sectional study with forty-five professors. The CoPsoQ ISTAS 21 and Nordic Standardized Kuorinka questionnaires were applied to evaluate the potential relationship between psychosocial risks and musculoskeletal disorders. Results: The 86.7% of the educators reported musculoskeletal disorders, with the neck (78.8%) and back (71.1%) being the most affected areas. High psychosocial risk was identified in 71.1% of the participants, and medium risk in 28.9%. The subdimensions most affected in the CoPsoQ ISTAS 21 questionnaire were “double presence” (93.2%), “social support in the company” (91.1%), and “compensation” (84.4%). No statistically significant relationship was found between psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal diseases were found to be most prevalent in the neck and back. The majority of educator have a significant affectation of the psychological risk factors. There was no statistical correlation discovered between the examined dimensions.