Embarazo ectópico en Latinoamérica; una revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Background. In Latin America the estimated incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 1 in 10,000 births and 1.4% of pregnancies are ectopic. Early care of the patient with ectopic pregnancy is important due to the potential risk of associated complication, since ectopic pregnancy is still a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective. Analyze the literature on ectopic pregnancy in Latin America, its epidemiology, risk factors and treatment. Method. A bibliographic review of original scientific articles, systematic reviews and gray literature corresponding to the last five years was carried out in Spanish and English; and, structured in qualified search engines such as: Documents and databases of virtual libraries, Cochrane Plus, Medline, Dynamed, Lilacs, Cinalh, Elsevier and ProQuest. Results. The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in Latin America is around 1.5%; age and pelvic inflammatory disease were the main risk factors; More than 80% of the studies showed that the most common anatomical site for EE is the fallopian tubes, around 89% of cases were treated with surgical resolution. Conclusion. In the Latin American countries included in this research, an average incidence of ectopic pregnancy of 1.5% is recorded; the factors that are repeated in the vast majority of studies cited are age and EPI. Surgical techniques and the use of Methotrexate are the most widely used treatments in ectopic pregnancy in Latin American countries.