Prevalencia y factores asociados a amputación de miembro inferior en pacientes con diagnóstico de pie diabético del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga de 2014 al 2019

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 8.5% according to the WHO and in Ecuador it reaches 5.5%; its importance is due to the complications that this disease entails among them those of the diabetic foot that in 85% of cases its outcome is amputation. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with lower limb amputation in patients diagnosed with diabetic foot at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital from 2014 to 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical and prevalence study, based on clinical histories of patients with diabetic foot. Sociodemographic and clinical data were analyzed using SPSS v.26; the results were represented by frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean and standard deviation; the chisquare test with p<0.05 and the prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval were also used. Results: The sample consisted of 222 patients with diabetic foot, the prevalence of amputation was 41%; mean age was 69.93 years (SD: ± 10.98), 38.9% were ≥ 61 years; male sex predominated 47.2%. Significant associated factors were previous ulcers (56.3%; p < 0.000; PR: 34.875; 95%CI: 4.967 - 244.85) and male sex (47.2%; p < 0.029; PR: 1.447; 95%CI: 1.028 - 2.039). Diabetic neuropathy (44.4%), arterial hypertension (41.7%) and chronic kidney disease (42%) presented a considerable prevalence. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetic foot amputations is high and significantly associated with male sex and history of previous ulcers.