Determinación de anomalías causadas a las propiedades físicas, químicas e hidrofísicas, en los suelos de páramo en el sur del Ecuador, ocasionadas por alteraciones antrópicas

Abstract

There is 48% increase of DA in Andosols, that are subjected to intense agricultural activity (Buerán) and greenhouse (Quimsacocha). In intensive farming with improved pastures (27%). And in soils plowed by tractor (Cancan) there exist an increase of 8% in one year. The Ks is greater in disturbed sites (10-83%). Moisture saturation (pF0) exceeds 80% in unchanged Andosols, with exception of Cancan (67%), what could be explained by high DA (0.86 g cm-3), plowed fields in Cancan show the lowest values of 65%, in the other altered sites it´s <80%. Agricultural activity in Buerán causes a reduction of: 13% volumetric content at pF0, 22% at pF 2.7 and 37% at pF 4.2. With exception of altered soils: Cancan and Cajas increase 19% at pF 4.2. The reduction of the total water content, among the witnesses vs disturbed sites, show significant differences (p = 0.0004) with 29%. The parameters hydro physical ACP, the first component consists of DA, negatively correlated with MO and pF-2.7, this component explains 77% of the variance. The MO has a high correlation with DA (R =- 0.71), P=0.003. The MO reduced 31% in one year, after plowing with tractor in cancan. SB increases 50% at sites where they apply fertilizers or amendments. The content of Ca is higher (50-87%). ACP for chemical variables, the component 1 explains 52% of variance and consists of: SB, Ca, negatively correlated with C, N and CIC. The second component explains 23%, corresponds to the pH, negatively correlated with Al+H.