Perfil epidemiológico y clínico en pacientes adultos con tuberculosis pulmonar del Centro de Salud Gualaceo, periodo enero-septiembre 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary Tuberculosis presented in adults when being part of the group of immunosuppressed patients generates more complication and concern among health personnel because it presents itself as a problem worldwide due to the high capacity of the bacillus Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to generate the disease, determining the high mortality rates attributable to this cause. OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological and clinical profile in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis of the Gualaceo Health Center during the period January- September 2019. METHODOLOGY: Study with a quantitative, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional approach; We worked with 176 adult patients from the Gualaceo Health Center to collect data, applying a 10-question questionnaire, the parameters to be evaluated: patients over 15 years of age with cough and expectoration for more than 2 weeks, negative copy bacilli, considering the sociodemographic factors such as: age, sex, level of education and origin; These indicators were evaluated in the SPSS 22 program, developing descriptive statistics such as the tabulation of data and frequencies also with statistics of two variables, using univariate tables with techniques and percentages, bivariate tables with function and percentages, simple, double and pastel bar graphs. RESULTS: When applying the questionnaire to adult patients of the Gualaceo Health Center, the following results were obtained: a high prevalence of Tuberculosis in the female sex with 60.8% (n = 39.2%), accompanied by an unemployment rate of 8, 2% and a higher educational level of 18.8%. Among the clinical manifestations, there are mainly cough with sputum for 15 days or more with 99.4%, fever with 23.3% and night sweats 23%. The most used diagnostic method is bacilloscopy, obtaining different salivary, mucous, and mucupurulent samples with 100%, and a second diagnostic method was also available, such as chest radiography with 6.8%.The most common comorbidity of tuberculosis has been Hypertension presenting during this survey with 71%, while Diabetes with 41.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients who attend the Gualaceo Health Center and are diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis after being promptly diagnosed are rigorously completing the second phase of treatment.