Cardiopatías congénitas y factores asociados en menores de 5 años hospitalizados en el departamento de pediatría del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Marzo 2016 a Febrero 2017

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease is the main cause of mortality in patients with congenital malformations, it represents the third cause of death in our country.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with congenital heart disease in patients under 5 years of age hospitalized in pediatrics of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. March 2016 to February 2017.

Methodology: A study of paired cases and controls was carried out, with a relation 1:2, obtaining 83 cases and 166 controls. Association was determined by the chi-squared test according to Mantel and Haenszel, and it was quantified by OR with a 95% confidence interval, and with a level of significance with the value of p <0.05. For the preponderance of the factors, binary logistic regression analysis was carried out.

Results: Cases and controls were homogeneous in sex, residence and age. The Chi square of Mantel and Haenszel determined statistically significant relationship between congenital heart diseases with chromossomopathies OR 11, 98 IC 3.36-42.74 p 0.000; exposure to toxic (alcohol) OR 2.85 IC 1.23-6.61 p 0.010; Family history of heart disease OR 8.30 IC 2.14-30.65 p 0.000. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis the association for chromossomopathies was maintained (OR 17.65 IC 4.87-63.88 p 0.000); toxic exposure (alcohol) OR 4.21 IC 1.77-10.05 p 0.001 and family history of heart disease OR 12.10 CI 3.21-45-59 p 0.000.

Conclusions: There is a statistically significant relationship between congenital heart diseases and chromossomopathies, toxic exposure (alcohol) and family history of heart disease