Frecuencia de positividad de anticuerpos antinucleares y sus patrones de tinción por inmunofluorescencia indirecta en pacientes con lupus eritematoso del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, periodo 2019 - 2021

Abstract

Determining staining patterns by indirect immunofluorescence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is essential to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus, which has an unknown etiology, and it is considered one of the most heterogeneous autoimmune diseases regarding pathogenic, clinical, and analytical criteria. It is known that the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in America, Asia, and northern Europe affects 40 out of every 100,000 inhabitants, and the population diagnosed with this disease increases every year. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of positivity of antinuclear antibodies and their staining patterns by indirect immunofluorescence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at José Carrasco Arteaga hospital in 2019-2021. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was collected using a questionnaire and interpreted through simple and crossed tables featuring percentage and frequencies. Tabulation of data and statistical graphs was carried out using the IBM SPSS, trial version, and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed a total of 164 patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, of which 147 (89.64%) tested positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and the homogeneous pattern was the most frequent, reaching 67 individuals (45.58%). The largest number of cases ranged from 31 to 46 years: 71 patients (43.29%), mostly females: 147 (89.63%). The results also showed that ANA positivity with homogeneous staining patterns and nuclear fine speckled was more frequently present in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.