Photovoltaic Ventilated Roof for Reaching Net Zero and Plus Energy Housing in the Tropical Equatorial Context

Abstract

The energy requirements for dwellings in tropical equatorial climates are significant and ongoing throughout the year. Fortunately, significant and stable irradiation exists. We propose the redesign of a local-style, single-family home with a layout for a typical family of four. The methodology consists of real data on the electricity consumption of an existing case of a typical family, which is considered the source of the energy requirements to determine improvements. Once the house is characterized, it is redesigned. Its energetic behaviour is simulated with virtual tools such as ArchiCAD from Graphisoft and DesignBuilder to introduce passive strategies. Photovoltaic (PV) electrical self-supply of the building is integrated, and the inclusion of electric vehicles is considered. The house is virtually built as a dwelling with similar functions, but solar passive and active strategies are integrated to achieve high energy performance. The roof envelope configuration is the main energy source, and interior overheating is the cause. An initial reduction of 36.97% in energy requirements with only passive strategies and a double-ventilated roof is estimated. When simulating PV capability with the System Advisor Model software, nine standard PV 380 Wp panels are sized for the roof to meet the estimated power requirements, and nine additional units are needed to supply electric transportation sufficient for a single family. A model that can scalably integrate PV in accordance with demand is proposed.