Prevalencia del trastorno de los sonidos del habla en niños de 6 a 12 años

Abstract

Speech sound disorder (SSD), is a communication problem that occurs when an infant cannot pronounce the words properly producing emotional, behavioral and socio-affective consequences, so the main objective of this study is to find the prevalence of SSD in children between 6 and 12 years old who were attending an Educational Institution in Cuenca-Ecuador during the 2016-2017 school year. This study was characterized to have a quantitative approach, with a type of transverse non- experimental design and descriptive approach. To fulfill this purpose, this study used the “Test de Articulación a la Repetición” (TAR) of Edith Schwalm Arteaga (1981), because it allows to identify the presence of this disorder. The sample was obtained through a random non-probabilistic systemic sampling in the program EPIDAT 4.2. with 95% reliability and 5% error with 102 participants, 53 girls and 49 boys. The data analysis exposed as absolute frequencies and percentages as Pearson chi-square test. The results indicate that 28% of the children have the disorder, identifying in male gender between the ages of 6 and 7 years and parents with a low academic instruction (primary school or none) are considered as risk factor; likewise, the academic instruction of parents shows that a higher education or university tends to be a factor of protection.