Psicología Clínica-Tesis de Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/211

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Análisis de las funciones ejecutivas según la percepción de padres y evaluación de la inteligencia en escolares de las unidades educativas de la ciudad de Cuenca en modalidad virtual, periodo marzo – agosto 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-16) Atamaint Torres, Gabriela del Rocío; Crespo Auquilla, Kevin José; Tacuri Reino, René David
The executive functions and the intelligence are elements of cognition thar are chararterized similarly to carry out complicated mental activities. Identifying the state of both variables in the scholar stage permits to decisions to guarantee adequate learning processes and problem- solving. During the pandemic, due to the confinement, the evaluation was a difficult factor to address telematically due to few assignments were able to be applied in an effective manner. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to correlate the executive functions from the parents' perception and the children's fluid intelligence in virtual modality. It was taken as a reference the answers of the 121 students and parents from the database of the Linkage Project of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca named "Apoyo en el desarrollo de habilidades lectoras e inteligencia emocional en unidades educativas 2021". The results were considered of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) and the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. The results obtained in the state of the executive functions and the intelligence evaluated did not indicate the presence of a significant alteration. Finally, the correlation of the variables that guide the study determined that there was a significant negative correlation between working memory and intelligence. On the contrary, inhibition variable with intelligence, there was a non-significant negative correlation.
Engagement académico y bienestar psicológico en la elección de especialización culinaria en estudiantes de séptimo ciclo de la carrera de gastronomía de la Universidad de Cuenca durante el periodo septiembre 2024 – febrero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-08) Heras Flores, Luis Alessandro; Delgado Quezada,Tania Lorena
Psychological well-being and academic engagement are key factors in the university experience, especially in programs that require specific vocational decisions. This study describes the levels of academic engagement and subjective psychological well-being (SPW) among seventh-semester students of the Gastronomy program at the University of Cuenca, differentiated by academic track: Mass Catering and Avant-Garde Cuisine. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design, a total of 69 students were surveyed through the UWES-S (academic engagement) and the Subjective Psychological Well-Being Scale. The results show that 40.6% of participants reported an average level of engagement, while 46.4% were classified as having low or very low levels. Regarding psychological well-being, 57.9% of students presented low or very low levels, with a higher concentration of these cases among those in the Avant-Garde Cuisine track. Although no statistically significant differences were found in engagement levels between the two tracks, significant differences were observed in psychological well-being, with higher levels reported by students in the Mass Catering track. These findings highlight the need to develop institutional strategies that support students' emotional well-being, particularly in highly demanding academic contexts.
Relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento y trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol en población clínica de Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-26) Toral León, Liliana Yamile; Santos Morocho, José Luis
Alcohol use disorder in adults is a serious public health problem. Identifying coping strategies is crucial to creating effective treatments that improve recovery and quality of life. In this sense, the study aimed to determine the relationship between coping strategies and alcohol use disorders in the clinical population of Cuenca in the period 2023–2024. The study was of a cross-sectional analytical type, with an adult population of 18 years or older from the Cuenca canton; The sampling was non-probabilistic with intentional selection and compliance with the inclusion criteria. The AUDIT instruments and the Stress Coping Strategies Questionnaire were applied and the relationship between these constructs was analyzed through statistical analysis of contingency tables with a significance level of .05. Among the results, it was found that 85.7% of the participants are men and 65.3% are in early adulthood. 38.7% suffer from alcohol dependence. The most frequent coping strategies with high levels were: religion (55.1%), open emotional expression (37.8%) and search for social support (26.5%). There was a significant relationship between alcohol consumption disorders and the coping strategy focused on solving the problem (p=0.049). The study allows us to conclude that alcohol consumption disorder is prevalent among young adult men in Cuenca, highlighting Positive Reevaluation and the Search for Social Support as predominant coping strategies, which guides towards effective therapeutic interventions.
Desafíos de educadores y tutores educacionales en la enseñanza de niñas y niños con trastorno del espectro autista en la Unidad Educativa CEBCI durante el año lectivo 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-23) Mora Mogrovejo, Carolina Osmara; Morales Quizhpi, Juana Agustina
Inclusion in educational settings has become an increasing concern. Educators play a critical role in the implementation of inclusive education for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), requiring awareness, flexibility, communication skills, emotional support, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the academic and social success of these students. The objective of this research is to identify the complex challenges faced by teachers at the CEBCI Educational Unit when working with students in inclusion processes. To achieve this, a qualitative, exploratory methodology was employed, with data collected through structured interviews with teachers and tutors. Qualitative content analysis revealed several barriers to the learning of students with autism, such as a lack of flexibility in educational responses, limitations in teacher and tutor training, inequality of opportunities, insufficient materials and resources for effective education, discrimination, overprotection and permissiveness, as well as challenges with evaluation methods. Additionally, there is a lack of respect for differences and educational systems that do not accommodate the diversity of abilities, interests, and expectations of students with autism. Based on the results, the study proposes promoting respect and acceptance of diversity through the implementation of teacher training courses on the inclusive model, thereby contributing to the creation of educational spaces that eliminate prejudice and discrimination within the educational community.
Burnout académico en estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo julio 2023 a febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-16) Mosquera González, Andrés Luciano; Samaniego Chalco, María José
Academic burnout syndrome is defined as a state of fatigue or frustration that results from the academic demands that university students have. In this research, the general objective was to identify the presence of Academic Burnout Syndrome in university students, providing a detailed understanding of the dimensions of Burnout based on sociodemographic and academic variables. The study had a quantitative approach, descriptive scope and cross section, addressing Academic Burnout Syndrome in 88 participating students from the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (MBI-SS) was used, adapted to Spanish and the academic context. The results indicate that students did present Academic Burnout Syndrome in 9.01% of the students, with specific patterns according to age, presence of children, gender, hours of class and study, as well as the number of subjects taken. It is concluded that academic burnout syndrome does exist within the environment and in the participants studied.
Locus de control en estudiantes de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad de Cuenca, en el período 2022 - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-12) Carrión Lozano, Andrés Sebastián; Quituisaca Lojano, Luis René; Lima Castro, Sandra Eugenia
The locus of control explains to what extent people attribute the events that develop in their environment either as the result of their own actions or as a result of external forces and has important implications for the academic field. Therefore, the objective of the study was to describe the locus of control in Law students of the University of Cuenca in the period 2022- 2023, according to sociodemographic variables; and to identify the type of locus of control that predominates in these students. We worked with a sample of 209 students of said career. It was a quantitative study; non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive design. Levenson's Locus of Control Scale (1974) was applied, in addition to a sociodemographic form. The predominant type of locus of control was internal; the 'medium' level prevailed in most sociodemographic variables: for gender, a higher percentage of the male group; for age, the range corresponding to early adulthood; and for marital status, the group identified as single; on the other hand, it was found that people with an internal locus of control reached higher levels of academic satisfaction. It was concluded that in law students the medium level internal locus of control prevails; as for internality, emerging adults showed a higher mean with respect to early adults; and in reference to gender, the mean of the male group is higher than the female group, both in internality and externality.
Rasgos de personalidad en estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Psicología en la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo 2022-2023
(2024-09-06) Suárez Carrión, Víctor Hugo; Balcázar Betancourth, Gabriela Fernanda
Personality traits play a fundamental role in the way people perceive, think and act in various life situations. This study focused on describing the predominant traits in first year students of the Bachelor's degree in Psychology at the University of Cuenca during the period 2022-2023. A quantitative approach was used, with descriptive scope and non-experimental cross-sectional design. A sample of 141 students were administered the NEO-FFI-R personality questionnaire. The results revealed that the most predominant traits were Neuroticism and Openness, while Agreeableness was the least prevalent; in addition, notable differences were identified in personality traits according to sex and age. These findings are consistent with previous research and indicate that the participants in the sample possess anxious characteristics regulated by openness to new perspectives and ability to recognize emotions, with a slight inclination towards narcissistic behaviors. This analysis highlights the importance of implementing specific measures for the psychological well-being of students at the School of Psychology by identifying prevalent personality traits and their possible consequences; this is intended to contribute to the creation of a healthier university environment conducive to their integral development.
Situaciones psicosociales que aumentan el riesgo de recaída en el consumo de drogas en los usuarios del CETAD Hogares KAIROS de las ciudades de Azogues y Paute, año 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-03) Ortiz Flores, John Fabian; Flores Jaramillo, David Fernando; Samaniego Chalco, María José
Relapse in drug use is a persistent problem among users of Specialized Treatment Centers (CETAD), despite existing prevention and rehabilitation programs. This study aimed to describe the psychosocial situations that increase the risk of drug use relapse in users of the Specialized Addiction Treatment Center (CETAD) Hogares KAIROS in Azogues and Paute. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was used, with a sample of 63 adult male users. The Drug Use Situations Inventory and a sociodemographic form were used to collect data on psychosocial situations that increase the risk of relapse. The results indicate that risk situations at the personal and interpersonal level have a moderate incidence on relapses. In addition, it was found that the most predominant psychosocial factor at the personal level is pleasant emotions since it showed the highest score and the most predominant psychosocial factor at the interpersonal level is pleasant moments with others since it showed the highest score. It is expected that these findings will contribute to the development of more effective prevention and rehabilitation treatment programs, taking into account the psychosocial situations that increase the risk of relapse.
Niveles de depresión y afrontamiento espiritual de médicos generales en funciones hospitalarias del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador en el período 2022 - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-27) Castillo Bustamante, Jenny Paulina; Galarza Parra, Jhessenia Natalia
Depression is conceived as a psych emotional condition that causes cognitive, emotional and behavioral disturbance, characterized by a sad, empty or irritable mood, accompanied by biological, cognitive and somatic changes. During the last three years, several studies support an increase in depression in health personnel after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, the general objective of this research was to describe the levels of depression and spiritual coping strategies of General Physicians in Hospital Functions at the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital during the period 2022-2023. It had a quantitative approach, a nonexperimental, transversal design type and was descriptive in scope. The instruments applied were: Beck Depression Inventory and Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale. The results of a sample of 71 doctors indicated levels of depression from mild to severe with a predominance of moderate level. In relation to the use of religious coping strategies and the most frequently used non-religious coping strategies, religious coping strategies had a low frequency of use, and non-religious strategies had a high frequency. There was a statistically significant association between the tendency to use or not use religious and non-religious coping strategies with the tendency to present depression or not. That is, doctors who had greater use of religious spiritual coping strategies had lower levels of depression, while doctors who had greater use of non-religious spiritual coping strategies had higher levels of depression.
Autoestima y satisfacción con la vida en adultos mayores en condición de abandono familiar e indigencia de la Fundación Santa Ana de la cuidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-03-25) Guarquila Gómez, Jonnathan Andrés; Delgado Quezada, Tania Lorena
Self-esteem, understood as the subjective assessment that people make of themselves, has been consistently associated with greater psychological well-being. At the same time, satisfaction with life reflects a personal evaluation of the experiences lived, closely linked to individual well-being. This study aims to describe the levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life in older adults who face family abandonment and indigence at the Santa Ana de Cuenca Foundation. In addition, it seeks to identify the levels of self-esteem according to sociodemographic variables (age, sex, marital status) and determine the prevalence of life satisfaction in relation to these variables. With a quantitative approach, cross-sectional design and descriptive scope, the research encompasses 60 older adults, using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and a sociodemographic sheet as instruments. Despite the adverse conditions, most older adults show healthy levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life at the Santa Ana Foundation. It highlights the relevance of sociodemographic variables, especially marital status, in the perception of satisfaction with life in this particular group. These results underscore the importance of considering specific factors when addressing mental health and well-being in older adults in vulnerable situations.
Engagement en docentes de las carreras de pedagogía de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Cuenca, periodo 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-27) Vasquez Valdiviezo, Yessenia Maribel; Cordero Hermida, María Fernanda
The effectiveness of teachers is influenced by various elements, one of which is engagement, understood as a psychological connection to the work they perform. This connection serves as a protective mechanism against work-related stress or its counterpart known as burnout syndrome. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the level of engagement in teachers of pedagogy programs at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters, and Education Sciences at the University of Cuenca during the 2023-2024 period. The study was conducted with a population of 31 teachers. The approach used in this study was quantitative and cross- sectional descriptive. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) by Schaufeli and Bakker, along with a sociodemographic form, were employed as instruments. The research concluded that teachers exhibit very high levels of engagement. Similarly, predominant levels were observed according to sociodemographic variables, highlighting that teachers over 60 years old and those with temporary contracts show higher levels of engagement. Regarding gender, no significant difference was observed; however, the group of women exhibited a slightly higher level of engagement. Additionally, the study revealed the predominance of one of its dimensions: Dedication.
Engagement y satisfacción laboral en docentes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, periodo 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-21) Peralta Pesántez, David Fernando; Cordero Hermida, María Fernanda
The effective performance of teachers at the work level depends on factors such as engagement, whose concept is conceived as that psychological connection with the work; similarly, job satisfaction is understood as a positive or negative perceptual attitude of the employee towards his or her job. These variables are opposite indicators of work stress or burnout syndrome. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of engagement and job satisfaction present in the teachers of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca, period 2022-2023. The study was carried out with a population of 35 teachers and technical-teachers. The approach to be used was quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17), translated by Benevides, and the Palma Job Satisfaction Scale (SL-SPC) were applied, in addition to a sociodemographic sheet. The results indicated that university teachers present high levels of engagement at a general level, and in the sociodemographic categories proposed, in addition to the predominance of the dedication factor. Meanwhile, a 'satisfied' level was evident in the participating population. It was concluded that the teaching staff of the public institution maintains optimal work performance because of good perceptual responses to working conditions, environment, interpersonal relationships and personal achievements; reflected in the high levels of engagement and satisfaction.
Calidad de vida en cuidadores formales de adultos mayores residentes en centro geriátricos de los cantones El Tambo, Suscal y Azogues en la provincia de cañar en el año 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-22) Mainato Buñay, Cisne Beatriz; Delgado Quezada, Tania Lorena
The stage of adulthood is characterized by changes and limitations that often require assistance in basic activities, generating the need for formal caregivers. These professionals face a variety of factors that affect their quality of life, especially when performing their functions in geriatric settings. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the levels of well-being of elderly caregivers in these centers. Given the likelihood that formal caregivers will experience various conditions, it is imperative to consider their emotional health and well-being. To address this problem, a sociodemographic sheet and the WHOQOL-BREF Scale were implemented, developed by the Quality of Life Assessment Group of the World Health Organization in 1996. This scale evaluated four domains: physical, psychological, social and environmental, in a population of 31 formal caregivers. The research was carried out under a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design and a descriptive scope. The results obtained revealed a positive perception in terms of quality of life and health well-being at a general level, although the environmental domain was identified as the most affected. In relation to the identification of sociodemographic characteristics, it was observed that mestizo women, aged 50 years or older, exhibited better psychological mastery and higher quality of life. This finding was followed by the group of participants between the ages of 30 and 39, who stood out in the physical health dimension.
Perfil de personalidad en los estudiantes de quinto y séptimo ciclo de la carrera de Licenciatura en Psicología de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Cuenca, periodo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-20) Sánchez Correa, Emilio José; Auquilla Guzmán, Alvaro Fabián
Personality, understood as a set of bio-psycho-socio-cultural variables that determine behavioral patterns, exerts a significant influence in various areas of life and is crucial for training and professional development, especially in the field of psychology. With the purpose of developing a personality profile in fifth and seventh cycle students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca in 2023, a descriptive and transversal research was carried out. The data, collected using the Multiphasic Personality Inventory 16 PF-5, revealed notable results. 71.15% of the students showed a high score in self-sufficiency, indicating tendencies towards independence and a preference for individuality or solitude. When analyzed by sociodemographic variables, high averages were observed in factors of vigilance, apprehension and tension in women, suggesting a skeptical, cautious, worried and impatient personality. In contrast, men exhibited low independence. Both genders showed high results in abstraction and self-sufficiency. This study highlights the importance of understanding the personality of psychology students for adequate university training and the development of essential skills in the field of mental health. The results provide a detailed view of the personality characteristics prevalent in this specific group, which can contribute to adapting pedagogical and guidance strategies to optimize their academic training and future professional practice.
Síntomas y tipos de síntomas del estrés y el riesgo de las conductas alimentarias en estudiantes de décimo ciclo de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca en el periodo 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-20) Mora Silva, María Monserrath; Carrasco Vintimilla, Juana Lucía
Stress is a state of physiological and psychological activation that allows a response to situations that the person perceives as demanding; it is a natural reaction that allows adaptation and survival as long as the states of psychological activation are not prolonged. Likewise, eating behaviors are the set of habits that have to do with the choice, quantity and way in which food is consumed; if not carried out appropriately, they generate alterations in mental and physical health. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of the types of stress symptoms and the types of eating behaviors in tenth cycle medical students at the University of Cuenca. The research had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design with a cross-section and a descriptive scope. It had the participation of 55 medical students. The instruments used were the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and the Stress Symptoms Inventory and a sociodemographic sheet. As a result, it was obtained that the 3 types of stress levels; physical, psychological and behavioral are at a medium level. Meanwhile, at the levels of types of eating behaviors, diet, bulimia and preoccupation with food predominate. In conclusion, students maintain some concern about their body image, which is why they choose to diet; take care of the type of food they eat, in addition to presenting compensatory behaviors as a means to lose weight.
Estilos de crianza y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa del Milenio Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón año lectivo 2021-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-11-07) Quezada Clavijo, José Francisco; Samaniego Chalco, María José
Scientific research has shown that the parenting style of parents plays a key role in the cognitive, emotional and social development of their children, constituting a protective or risk factor that can trigger the onset of harmful behaviors such as substance abuse, which is a public health problem that has increased worldwide, especially in adolescents. The general objective of the study was to determine the correlation between parenting styles and the consumption of psychoactive substances in high school students of the Millennium Educational Unit Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón in the city of Cuenca, school year 2021-2022. The study was carried out with a quantitative approach following a non-experimental cross- sectional design with correlational scope. The participants were 173 female and male students. The following scales were used: Steinberg's Parenting Styles adapted by Merino and Arndt (2004), the AUDIT scale adapted by Alvarado et al., (2009) and finally the CRAFFT scale adapted by Menéndez et al., (2013). For data processing and analysis, the SPSS version 25.0 statistical program was used, in addition, measures of central tendency and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. The results obtained indicate that there is a positive correlation between neglectful parenting style and substance use. It is concluded that the greater the practice of neglectful parenting style, the greater the risk of substance abuse.
Relación de ansiedad ante la imagen corporal y su evaluación percibida en mujeres de segundo de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Zoila Esperanza Palacio, periodo 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-11-07) Barrera Sacoto, Erika Paulina; Carrasco Vintimilla, Juana Lucía
Body image is a mental construct that involves thoughts, feelings, evaluations, and behaviors. Likewise, it is influenced by the interaction with others since it plays an important role in the creation of the perception, acceptance and approval of one’s own image. Nonconformity with respect to body image can trigger negative behaviors and in turn generateor increase anxiety in different situations. For this reason, it is important to know the anxiety that triggers the perception of body image, so the general objective that guides this research was to relate trait- state anxiety with the current self-perception of body image and the specificobjectives were identified the real perception. A research on body image and relate trait-state anxiety with sociodemographic characteristics, age and relational situation in female adolescents in their second year of high school was conducted. A quantitative approach, a correlational scope, a conscience on the physical body at the beach, and non-experimental design of a cross- sectional type was obtained. The sample consisted of 45 female adolescents ages between 15 and 18 years. For data collection, two instruments were used: the Gardner evaluation scale and the Body Image Anxiety Scale instrument a version validated by Gastelum, as well as a sociodemographic file was applied. Finally, as a result, it was found thatthere is a relationship between trait anxiety related to the weight factor, state anxiety related toweight, a conscience on the physical body at the beach and state anxiety in the supermarket inrelation to weight.
Insatisfacción corporal en adolescentes del Colegio de Bachillerato Ciudad de Cuenca en Azuay, en el periodo 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-11-06) García Cando, Jocelyne Doménica; Lliguicota Rojas, Joselyn Nicole; Cordero Hermida, María Fernanda
Body dissatisfaction in adolescence plays a very important role, since here occurs a period with a series of biopsychosocial changes that significantly affect the individual; in this regard, one of the changes occurs at the body level, which can lead to developing levels of body dissatisfaction. This research aimed to determine the levels of body dissatisfaction in adolescents according to sociodemographic variables and the predominant factors of dissatisfaction. The study had a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and crosssectional approach, working with a random probabilistic sample of 170 students. The Body Shape Questionnaire was applied. Among the most relevant results, a predominance of body dissatisfaction in women was obtained; In the same way, it was possible to observe that 14- year-old adolescents were the ones who presented the most dissatisfaction with 87.5%, compared to the remaining ages that presented less dissatisfaction, it was also evidenced that the adolescents who presented the most dissatisfaction are those of first year of high school, since 80.86% present some level of body dissatisfaction. For this reason, the adolescent stage can be considered as a vital stage in which feelings of dissatisfaction with their body appear
Efecto del lenguaje inclusivo en el procesamiento cognitivo de la memoria de trabajo verbal y la comprensión lectora subyacente en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Cuenca en el periodo marzo – agosto 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-31) Ordóñez Alberca, Danny Sebastian; Vilchez Tornero, José Luis
The main aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of inclusive language on the cognitive processing of Working Memory (in its capacity for grammatical reasoning and retrieval of cognitive material in reading comprehension) through the functioning of the Phonological Loop. Working Memory has been operationalized (in the case of language information)--not only by the number of mental items that participants can hold but also--by the time participants spend repeating subvocally the linguistic cognitive material (the so-called word-length effect). An experimental design was designed to show stimulus and to analyze the Response Times, using ANOVA and Student’s t test, and the number of correct answers, using Friedman and Wilcoxon test in different experimental conditions (inclusive language conditions included). A random sample was taken from different universities in the city of Cuenca. The presentation of stimuli and the collection of data was done through the OpensesameTM software. The results show that the inclusive language conditions increase Response Times and the number of errors compared to the language condition called "neutral format" (format with grammatically correct language). Data are in line with previous literature that shows that, for grammatical reasoning and reading comprehension, it is necessary to reverberate the mental elements for a longer time through the so-called "slave system" of the Working Memory; that is, through the Phonological Loop. Therefore, inclusive language implies increasing this reverberation time and, therefore, interferes more in the analyzed cognitive processes of grammatical reasoning and reading comprehension (in terms of Response Times and number of errors).
Frecuencia e intensidad del síndrome de Burnout en choferes de taxis de la organización Frente Unido de Taxistas en la ciudad de Cuenca, periodo marzo - agosto 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-23) Ordoñez Ramos, Gennesis Brigette; Lucero Aguirre, Boris Eduardo; Balcázar Betancourth, Gabriela Fernanda
Burnout syndrome is associated with chronic stress exposure in the workplace, mainly with those professions that maintain direct contact with other people, who develop aggressive and disruptive behaviors towards others. In this context, the current study aims to describe the frequency and intensity of the dimensions of Burnout syndrome present in taxi drivers of the United Front of Taxi Drivers (AFUT) association in the period March - August 2022. The study It is based on Maslach's three-dimensional theory (1982), Bandura's sociocognitive theory (1982), Buunk and Schaufeli's Social Exchange (1993) and Gil-Monte's (2001) organizational theory. The population consisted of 184 taxi drivers from the AFUT association of the city of Cuenca. Regarding the methodology, it had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, of a descriptive cross-sectional type. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS) instrument was applied, a Likert- type scale that assesses attitudes towards one's own work, ranging from commitment to Burnout through three areas: emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. Regarding the results, it was found that the predominant dimension in taxi drivers is low professional efficacy and the dimension with the greatest intensity and frequency was cynicism, since drivers, when under work stress, show aggressive and little affective behaviors. towards others. Finally, it is concluded that the taxi drivers of the AFUT association present moderate levels of Burnout.

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