Análisis de la vulnerabilidad sísmica mediante modelación lineal y reforma de la edificación en función de zonas vulnerables para la generación de espacios seguros y rutas de evacuación externas: Caso de estudio Bloque E2 de la Facultad de Arquitectura

Abstract

Ecuador is a country prone to seismic hazards due to its geographical location on a complex system of tectonic plates, and the existence of buildings constructed before the implementation of seismic-resistant regulations represents a significant risk to user safety, especially in educational institutions. In this context, the present research aims to analyze the seismic vulnerability of Block E2 of the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Cuenca, in order to identify lower-risk areas and define evacuation routes through the application of structural mitigation measures and signage. The methodology includes the architectural and structural survey of the building, the application of non-destructive tests such as sclerometry, ultrasonic testing, and carbonation to assess the structural condition, and the development of a three-dimensional model using linear static analysis in ETABS software, based on the guidelines of FEMA 310 and NEC 2015. The analysis revealed that most masonry walls are not integrated into the resistant system due to the presence of joints that limit the transmission of forces to reinforced concrete frames; therefore, only walls that meet the necessary characteristics to contribute to the structural system were considered, showing that the structure mainly behaves through ductile frames. The results make it possible to evaluate seismic behavior, determine the building’s vulnerability, and develop a safety plan with signage in accordance with NTE INEN 0439 and evacuation plans, highlighting the importance of implementing comprehensive seismic safety strategies.