Clasificación actualizada de la diabetes: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism and exhibits high global prevalence, making it a public health concern. Most studies mention type I and type II diabetes mellitus; however, few are the studies that perform a broad classification of the disease, including the “atypical” forms of diabetes. Therefore, the objective of this descriptive study is to analyze the different types of diabetes to provide an updated classification of the pathology based on relevant, accurate and current information for an adequate understanding and clinical management of the disease. For this purpose, a bibliographic review of different studies published in English and Spanish over the past ten years. The results identified diabetes forms beyond the classic classification, as well as diagnostic methods such as fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, random glucose, HbA1c and C-peptide, which, together with complementary tests, allow for a differential diagnosis. Additionally, new classification proposals based on immunological markers were identified, which, although not included in the official classification, represent important findings. In conclusion, this review enabled the differentiation of various types of diabetes and highlighted essential diagnostic methods for an adequate approach to the disease. Finally, the study emphasizes the need to promote further research on less common forms and their diagnostic techniques.