Frecuencia de anemia y características de mujeres gestantes del distrito Gualaquiza – San Juan Bosco 14D04 en el periodo de enero del 2018 a diciembre del 2020

Abstract

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a global health problem affecting 41,8% of pregnant women. In Ecuador, the prevalence was 46,9% in 2012, therefore, the country has established public policies that aim to reduce the frequency.

Objective: Determine the frequency of anemia and its characteristics of pregnant women in the District of Gualaquiza - San Juan Bosco 14D04 in the lapse of January 2018 to December 2020.

Materials and methods: A descriptive study was developed in which 1920 maternal perinatal clinical histories of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) - CLAP of pregnant women from the District of Gualaquiza - San Juan Bosco 14D04 were reviewed, in which 200 pregnant women were selected, meeting the criteria of inclusion. The information was recollected by digital forms, such as Google Forms, registered in Microsoft Excel, tabulated, and analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics through absolute frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency and dispersion.

Results: It was found that 200 (10,4%) women had anemia during their pregnancy, mainly between the ages of 15 - 20 years (33,5%), of mixed-race (79%), in common law marriage (56%), with primary education (53%) and urban residence (66%). The 62,5% were multiparous, and 46,5% were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Regarding hemoglobin controls, 74,5% of pregnant women with anemia had 3 or more hemoglobin controls after 20 weeks.

Conclusions: The frequency of anemia in pregnant women from the District of Gualaquiza - San Juan Bosco 14D04 increased, most cases occurred in 2020.