Resistencias bacterianas en muestras de pacientes hospitalizados por servicios del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso enero-diciembre 2015- 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The excessive use of antibiotics has induced the outbreak of multiresistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemasas and beta-lactamases of extended spectrum, according to the Ministry of Health of Ecuador in 2014 there were a total of 2,806 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae of which 1,771 were BLEEs and 716 carbapenemasa. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency of the main isolated bacteria and the resistance that they present in samples of cultures of hospitalized patients by Hospital service Vicente Corral Moscoso January 2015 December 2016. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was carried out, the universe was composed of 3,929 reports of positive microbiological cultures and the sample of 2,223 isolates with some mechanism of resistance. In order to obtain results, the Epicenter system plus the data collection card were used and for the data tabulation the software SPSS V15 and Microsoft Excel were used. RESULTS: In 2015 the most isolated bacterium was K. pneumoniae with 327 cultures; in surgery on bone samples, ESBL production was found in 12 cultures (17.6%) and carbapenemasas in 7 cultures (24.1%); the sex with the highest prevalence of cultures with resistance mechanisms was male with 600 samples; in 2016 the bacterium with the highest number of isolates was SCN with 328 cultures; in surgery the bone samples presented 6 cultures (7.7%) with ESBL production and 4 cultures (14.8%) of carbapenemase; the sex with the highest prevalence of cultures with resistance mechanisms was male with 566 samples. CONCLUSIONS: The bacterial incidence during the years 2015 and 2016 was K. pneumoniae, E. coli, SCN, S. aureus and E. cloacae; the sample with the largest number of isolates was secretions and the most frequent mechanism found was methicillin resistance followed by the production of carbapenemases