Frecuencia de leucemia linfoblástica aguda en pacientes del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga en el período 2018-2019

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most common type of cancer and it mainly affects the pediatric population. It is characterized by the increase of lymphoblasts by a maturational block and subsequent clonal proliferation in the bone marrow. It is divided into: B-lineage lymphoid, T-lineage lymphoid, and biphenotypic, and subdivided into immunophenotypes, which are identified by flow cytometry. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients of José Carrasco Arteaga hospital in 2018-2019. This is a descriptive cross- sectional study. The data was collected through a questionnaire and interpreted through simple and crossed tables expressed as percentages and frequencies. Tabulation of data and statistical graphs was carried out using the IBM SPSS, trial version, and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed that the frequency data of age comprised young adults within the 20-64 age range; the province with the highest number of cases was Azuay. The majority of cases comprised males (64%) and the most frequent type of ALL was type B (90%) in relation to type T. The most frequent subtypes according to lineage were B-common (75%) and T-cortical thymic (4.3%). Cell markers for type B-ALL were CD10 and CD34 and for type T they were CD3, CD4, and CD8.