Adherencia al tratamiento en la enfermedad renal crónica y sus factores asociados en pacientes que acuden a consulta externa en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga en el periodo enero-marzo 2025

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a prevalent and highly impactful health pathology globally, primarily due to its progression to advanced stages requiring major treatments like renal replacement therapy. Adherence to treatment is critical for mitigating CKD aggravation and improving patients' quality of life. However, multiple factors can hinder this adherence, ranging from socioeconomic conditions to psychological and clinical barriers. Objective: To determine the level of treatment adherence in CDK and its associated factors in patients attending outpatient consultations at the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital during the January-March 2025 period. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with a sample of 333 CKD patients who received care at HJCA during the specified period. The ARMS-e and MOS questionnaires were used to analyze adherence and associated factors, such as social support. Results: The average age of the surveyed patients was 53.76 years. Characterization of the population revealed that most were men (54.7%) and resided in urban areas (76.6%). The predominant marital status was married (55.9%), and the most frequent educational level was secondary (34.8%). It was found that 309 patients perceived having good social support (global, emotional, instrumental, interactive, and affective). However, 69.7% of those with low emotional support were non-adherent, and 71.4% with low instrumental support were also non-adherent.