Estudio hidrotécnico para la distribución del caudal del sistema de riego de las comunidades de Cachi y Rumipamba del cantón Girón, provincia del Azuay

Abstract

The irrigation project for the communities of Cachi-Rumipamba, managed by the Provincial Government of Azuay, is located in the mountainous area southwest of the Girón canton. This context presents significant challenges regarding infrastructure and the performance of irrigation systems, as implementing projects in high-altitude ecosystems faces issues such as climate, topography, water availability, and technological transfer. Therefore, in most cases, it is not feasible to use conventional irrigation methods and systems. In this context, a study is proposed for the modernization of water distribution and application. The study includes: i) Evaluation and biophysical characterization of the area through the analysis of available information to identify the distribution model; ii) Design of the hydrotechnical scheme using numerical simulation in the Epanet model, applying water in the system through pressurized irrigation; and iii) Economic valuation of the basic infrastructure necessary for the distribution network and application technology. According to the characterization carried out, a distribution system is proposed: 1) Continuous design flow of 51 L/s for a total irrigable area of 88.5 ha; 2) Sectors with a rotation of 7 days and 12 hours of irrigation for an average of 7.4 ha; 3) Pressurized distribution network with operating pressures in the range of 20 to 40 m.c.a.; and 4) Application systems for sprinkler irrigation using 2 mobile laterals, each with 2 sprinklers and flows of 1.32 L/s for 2.7 hours per lateral.