Eficacia de varios esquemas antibióticos contra el Helicobacter Pylori y factores asociados al fracaso de los mismos en pacientes del laboratorio Dra. Sonia Domínguez desde junio del 2022 a junio 2023

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent worldwide, particularly in developing regions, where various factors, including lifestyle and endemicity, contribute to its spread and influence the effectiveness of treatment for its eradication. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens against H. pylori and to identify factors associated with treatment failure among patients from the Dr. Sonia Domínguez laboratory, covering the period from June 2022 to June 2023. Conducted as a retrospective, observational, and analytical study, information was gathered through structured surveys administered to patients who underwent a urease test after receiving treatment for H. pylori. The success or failure of infection eradication was then assessed using SPSS. In total, 165 patients were included, with a mean age of 44.4 ± 14.1 years, and 50.91% were women. By the end of the treatment, 60.6% of the patients achieved a negative breath test, indicating a treatment failure rate of 39.4%. Among the regimens, those containing Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, and Pantoprazole (PACK), as well as Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, and Dexlansoprazole, were the most effective, achieving success rates of 64.7% and 61.9%, respectively. However, a significant association was found between delayed medication intake and the PACK regimen containing Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, and Pantoprazole (X²=5.249; p=0.022), with delays increasing the likelihood of non-compliance by four times (OR=4.308; 95% CI=1.166-15.919; p=0.029). In conclusion, while the failure rate remained high, the PACK regimen and the one with Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, and Dexlansoprazole showed the highest success rates, with delays in medication intake significantly associated with failure in the PACK regimen.