Evidencia actual respecto a la eficacia de diferentes terapéuticas para evitar la progresión de prediabetes a diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease that is a global health problem. It is the result of a complex interaction between genetic, physiological, behavioral, and environmental factors. The diagnosis requires certain laboratory criteria; however, there is a group of people whose blood glucose levels are lower than those of diabetes and who remain in a risk group called pre-diabetes. The aim is to provide evidence on the effectiveness of different therapies in preventing the progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature review was conducted based on a search of articles indexed in PubMed using an equation developed using the PICO strategy and MeSH terms. Articles published in the last 5 years and written in English or Spanish were included. Retracted articles and articles on children, adolescents and pregnant women were excluded. Of the 86 articles obtained, 35 were used and 51 were discarded. There is evidence that lifestyle modification is the cornerstone in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet and exercise significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes in people with pre-diabetes. Medication, especially metformin, has also shown some benefit in combination with lifestyle changes, but not superiority. However, more trials are needed to provide information on long-term follow-up and the feasibility of their use.