Eje intestino–cerebro–microbiota y su impacto en la salud

Abstract

In recent years, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis have become one of the most exciting areas of research, since the constant communication of this axis has been evidenced, in which the intestinal microbiota also participates. The intestinal microbiota and its microbiome (microbiota genome) are fundamental elements for the balance of health and act as key regulators of different functions of the human organism, including the relationship of the microbiota-gut-brain axis characterized by their actions on brain development and physiology. When the microbiota is altered, it enters a state of dysbiosis. These alterations are present in many diseases. Consequently, the present investigation has the objective of capturing the generalities around the gut-brain-microbiota axis and its relationship or impact on human health. From the review, it can be deduced that the relationship between the gut-brain-microbiota axis and some diseases has been demonstrated in multiple investigations. Among the main ones are: behavioral disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, asthma, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, food allergy, among other. Despite the evidence found in favor of the relationship between the microbiota and the central nervous system, they do not establish their role in the origin of diseases. New studies will be necessary to clear up the question: does the gut-brain-microbiota axis impact the origin of the disease or does the disease impact the relationship of this axis?.