Consecuencias económicas en el Producto Interno Bruto del decrecimiento poblacional en los países que atraviesan la fase final de su transición demográfica

Abstract

Countries have been characterized by demographic growth since the end of the 18th century until the last decades of the 20th century, when some nations began to stabilize and even decrease their populations. Those countries went through the different stages of the demographic transition model, because fertility rates decreased below the replacement levels of the population, causing concern to the governments of those countries, especially in relation to the possible decline of their economies. This study shows that rather the economic consequences of a decline in population, despite being negative from the macro point of view, are positive for households, if the economies manage to remain stable. The dwindling down of the population shall cause underemployment and unemployment to decrease, generating better income and more consumption for families. The sooner governments prepare and adjust their economies, societies will be better prepared to adapt to this demographic change that will inevitably occur everywhere, as the urbanization process advances during this century and the next one.