Frecuencia de positividad de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en pacientes del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga 2022

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiological agent of tuberculosis, a disease currently considered a public health problem with an increasing incidence, particularly in underdeveloped countries. It is transmitted airborne and attacks the pulmonary alveoli, as well as other parts of the body such as bones, kidneys, brain, and lymph nodes, among others. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 9.9 million people acquired this disease in 2020, of which 1.5 million patients died. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity in patients treated at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in 2022. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which a collection of the anonymized database of the epidemiology area of the hospital was carried out, adopting a quantitative method through the use of a questionnaire designed by the authors. The analysis was carried out using Excel and IBM SPSS trial version. Data showed a total of 806 patients: 29 tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that is, 3.6% of the cases, of which 55.2% were male and 44.8% were female; the predominant age group was that of 81-90 years. We were also able to show that the highest frequency of diagnosed patients come from the province of Azuay and, to a lesser extent, patients from other provinces belonging to district 6 in our country.