Innovación de estrategias para operación de embalses para riego

Abstract

At locations where the weather conditions are critical, such as floods and droughts it is necessary to build reservoirs to eradicate these problems. In the current study they are used for attenuating high peak flow events in the rainy season and mainly for storing irrigation water for its further distribution in the drought season. The reservoir storage is designed based on the crop irrigation requirements. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model that optimizes the water dosage and distributes the water resource according the crop irrigation requirements and the precedent 10-day rainfall. The irrigation requirements are acquired from a daily crop simulation. The crop simulation results and the daily rainfall are clustered in 10-day periods. A frequency analysis is preformed to the 10-day rainfall and irrigation data series, to obtain thresholds for dry, normal and wet conditions. These thresholds define the operation model guidelines. A flow analysis through the reservoir is carried out by a reservoir routing model for dry conditions and using the operation model developed. Both cases simulate the flow behavior through the reservoir according to the reservoir inflows and outflows along a 21-year daily data series, since 1985 to 2006. The results show that the developed model uses less water volume to supply the irrigation than the dry conditions simulation. The research concludes with the supplying of the irrigation target planned using water in a optimized way and ensuring the ecological flow downstream the reservoir.