Análisis comparativo de transitorios en una chimenea de equilibrio con orificio y una chimenea de equilibrio de sección compuesta

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of the hydraulic behavior of two surge tank configurations—a surge tank with an orifice and a composite-section surge tank—under transient flow conditions caused by sudden valve closures and openings. A numerical-iterative procedure based on the rigid water column model is employed to simulate flow dynamics and piezometric level oscillations within the surge tanks. Both configurations are evaluated through critical scenarios adapted to specific hydraulic conditions, derived from a case study located in Ecuador. The methodology includes the definition of hydraulic and geometric parameters for each surge tank type, accounting for variations in the orifice diameter and the upper widening of the composite section. Key variables associated with transient phenomena, such as water level oscillations, stabilization times, and amplitude of fluctuations during the events, are analyzed. This work aims to provide clear technical criteria for selecting the appropriate surge tank configuration based on the operational characteristics of the hydraulic system and flow conditions, thereby contributing to the efficient and safe design of pressurized conduits in regions with high topographical complexity.