La separación de Ecuador de UNASUR y sus repercusiones en el proceso de integración regional. Un análisis desde la geopolítica crítica

Abstract

This research analyzes, from a critical geopolitical perspective, the factors that intervened in the separation of Ecuador from Unasur, and its consequences for the integration of Latin America. The scope of the study is descriptive, with a documentary analysis and interpretation methodology. Among the results obtained, it is highlighted that Unasur was created with the objective of regional integration to address political, social, economic and development issues. Ecuador, in its process of integration to this organization, manifested a geopolitical model driven by the proposal of ‘Buen Vivir’, prioritizing an active role in international relations, and the overcoming of the bipolar world paradigm. There are two factors that intervened in Ecuador's decision to disassociate itself from Unasur. First, the political and ideological shift of the government towards conservatism. Second, an external factor driven by power groups, whose intention has been to recover spaces of power in Latin America after the advent of progressivism. Finally, in recent years, processes of geopolitical change have been observed in several countries of the region, evidenced by popular protests and presidential elections