Análisis microbiológico de superficies en el área de labor de parto y área de parto del Hospital básico “Moreno Vázquez” del cantón Gualaceo-Provincia del Azuay

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections are a problem in the health field due to their high morbidity and mortality. Despite multiple scientific and medical advances, they have not been controlled in hospital areas. It is important to carry out frequent microbiological monitoring of inert surfaces in hospitals to prevent and reduce the prevalence of microorganisms causing these infections. Objective: To evaluate the presence of bacterial genera on clean surfaces in the delivery area and the birthing area of the "Moreno Vázquez" Basic Hospital in the Gualaceo canton. Methodology: Quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional research with a mixed approach. For the microbiological analysis, 176 samples of inert surfaces were collected from the delivery areas and the birthing area, using the swab method. Colony- forming units were counted and microorganisms were identified using biochemical tests. Results: 37.5% of the 176 samples analyzed showed microbial growth, with a total of 69 microorganisms isolated in the two study areas. In bacterial identification, Gram-positive cocci predominated (58%), followed by Gram-positive bacilli (38%) and 4% Gram-negative bacilli. The most prevalent bacteria was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (46.38%), followed by Bacillus spp (37.68%) and Staphylococcus aureus (5.80%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus shows the need to evaluate the cleaning and disinfection processes of medical equipment and surfaces, as well as to implement measures to prevent these infections.