Prevalencia de anemia y factores asociados en pacientes embarazadas del Centro de Salud de Nazón. Enero-diciembre 2019

Abstract

Background: anemia is a very frequent condition in pregnancy worldwide, with iron deficiency being the most common cause, representing approximately 75% of cases, mainly due to malnutrition. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 42% of all pregnant women become anemic, and in Ecuador, according to the 2014 national clinical guide, the figure reaches 46.9%. In addition to its high prevalence, it constitutes a risk factor for maternal-fetal complications such as: spontaneous abortion, oligoamnios, premature rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, etc.Due to its association with maternal and child morbidity and mortality and socioeconomic cost, it is essential to know its prevalence in the population.General objective: to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors in pregnant patients at the Nazón Health Center between January and December 2019.Methodology: an analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out using the information contained in the medical records and 051 formsof 200 pregnant patients who attended the Nazón Health Center, during the period January-December 2019, The data obtained were analyzed with Excel 2019,IBM SPSS Version 22 in Spanish. Chi square was used for the association between anemia and the variables, a statistically significant association was considered p <0.05. Results:The prevalence of gestational anemia is 34.1%, the most frequent type being mild anemia. Risk factors are: low pre-pregnancy weight, few prenatal check-ups, and low schooling.