Prevalencia y factores asociados de preeclampsia, eclampsia e hipertensión gestacional en mujeres adolescentes en el periodo 2019 - 2020 en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues, 2021

Abstract

Background: Teen pregnancy has registered alarming statistics in recent years. Preeclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational hypertension are a group of pathologies in which there are high blood pressures as a complication of pregnancy, associated with various risk factors, with pre-eclampsia being the most prevalent in the world. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of preeclampsia, eclampsia and gestational hypertension in adolescent women in the period 2019-2020 at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in Azogues. Methodological Design: Retrospective, analytical cross-sectional study; universe of 298, sample of 96 clinical records of adolescent women between 11 and 19 attended during the period 2019-2020. Information collected from a digital database, through a form created for this investigation. Statistical analysis carried out with the statistical program SPSS 22; results presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. The association between these disorders and risk factors was determined with statistical measures such as Odds ratio, chi-squared, 95% confidence interval, and p-value less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia was 23.49x100, eclampsia 1.68x100 and gestational hypertension 7.05x100; the mean age was 17 years old, 64.58% have a low level of education, 86.45% are primiparous, 58.33% have a family history of pre-eclampsia, 67.71% have a body mass index greater than or equal to 25 and 72.92% declared significant proteinuria. These factors were significant for hypertensive disorders of adolescent pregnancy. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertensive disorders in adolescents is high. Low schooling, first pregnancy, family history of preeclampsia, overweight and obesity show its risk of presentation.