Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y su relación con la inseguridad alimentaria, estrés percibido y calidad de la dieta en mujeres gestantes de 19 a 45 años que acuden a Centros de Salud Tipo B y C de la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, 2025

Abstract

Background: The increased consumption of ultra-processed foods in recent years has contributed to overweight, obesity, and different chronic diseases, especially during pregnancy. In Ecuador, many pregnant women experience malnutrition due to both low and excessive calorie intake, which increases the risk of complications for the mother and the fetus and can affect diet quality during pregnancy. Objective: To determine the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods, food insecurity, perceived stress, and diet quality in pregnant women aged 19 to 45 years in the city of Cuenca. Methods: This was a crosssectional and analytical study conducted in Type B and C Health Centers in Cuenca. The sample included 305 pregnant women. Surveys and questionnaires were used to assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods, food insecurity, perceived stress, and diet quality. Results: The population was mainly composed of single, unemployed women with basic educational levels. Pre-pregnancy nutritional status showed malnutrition due to excess, with a predominance of overweight and obesity. In addition, 48.9% presented food insecurity, 99% reported high perceived stress, and 55.4% required changes in diet quality. A significant association was found between the consumption of ultra-processed foods, food insecurity, perceived stress, and diet quality. Conclusion: The consumption of ultra-processed foods in pregnant women is related to food insecurity, perceived stress, and lower diet quality.