Uso de la Metformina como coadyuvante en la reducción de la inflamación en enfermedades crónicas: revisión bibliográfica narrativa

Abstract

Low-grade chronic inflammation is a central pathophysiological component of various noncommunicable chronic diseases, contributing to progressive tissue damage and the development of systemic complications. Metformin, widely known for its use as a hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has demonstrated antiinflammatory properties that may be useful as a complementary therapeutic strategy. To evaluate its effectiveness, a narrative literature review was conducted on the role of metformin in reducing inflammation in chronic diseases. Seven preclinical studies were analyzed, classified as medium- and high-quality according to the ARRIVE guidelines, in which a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), oxidative stress, tissue damage, and fibrotic markers was observed. These effects were mainly mediated by the activation of the AMPK pathway and the inhibition of NF-κB, supporting its therapeutic potential beyond its traditional use.