Frecuencia de genes de resistencia en bacilos Gram negativos productores de carbapenemasas a partir de aislados clínicos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca, enero 2022 - junio 2024

Abstract

Background: Carbapenemases are enzymes that inhibit the action of certain antibiotics, being produced and transferred by some bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance, especially to carbapenemics, is a critical problem and some of these resistance genes are: blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51. Objectives: To determine the frequency of resistance genes in carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli from clinical isolates from the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, Cuenca, in the period January 2022 - June 2024. Methods: The study design was retrospective descriptive; the results of clinical isolates from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in the period January 2022 - June 2024 were analysed. Frequency was determined using an anonymised database, based on the analysis of information collected on forms, using Microsoft Excel version 2019 and SPSS version 29. Results: 195 genes conferring carbapenem-resistance to carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli were identified, of which the blaKPC gene was the most frequent (83.1%), mainly associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (50.8%). The hospitalisation area concentrated 74.9% of the resistant genes. Conclusions: The blaKPC gene predominated (83.1%), mainly associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance genes increased significantly in 2024 after lows in 2023, varying by demographic and clinical factors.