Prevalencia de las alteraciones de la huella plantar y sus efectos colaterales en niños de 3 y 4 años de edad. Centros Infantiles del Buen Vivir del MIES. Cuenca 2014-2015

Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence of footprints of the bottom of feet and their side effects in 3-4 year old children attending the Good Living Pre School Centers of the Ministry of Economic and Social Welfare during the 2014-2015 period.

Methodology: This is a descriptive study which will evaluate the posture of the lower limbs of 90 children who attend the Good Living Pre School Centers. Both a static and dynamic observational analysis and the registration of the footprints of the children´s bottom of the feet by using a chiropodscope will be also carried out. The results will be registered in a form designed by the author of this thesis. Data processing in SPSS 18 and the presentation of simple and double tables, including a descriptive analysis, a prevalence rate, trust intervals, and chi-square distribution will be also carried out.

Results: After studying 90 children, those whose alterations of the bottom of the feet was 71% (IC 95% 62% - 81%), it was determined that the ones having greater incidence are bilateral flatfoot, with a percentage of 56,7%, right talo valgus, with a percentage of 20%, and right adduct forefoot, with a percentage of 12,2%. The associated side effects were: worn way shoes on footholds, with a percentage of 55,6% (RP IC 95%), knee´s angular alterations, with a percentage of 27,8% (RP IC 95% p 0.000), toes´ postural alterations (RP IC 95% p 0.001), and pain in specific zones of the foot, with a percentage of 17,8% (RP IC 95% p 0,002).

Conclusions: It is necessary to continue to evaluate the early-intervention plans in these centers.