Comparación del test de evaluación cognitiva de Montreal vs. mini-mental test en la detección temprana del deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Cognitive impairment represents one of the most significant challenges in the socio-health field, manifesting itself through the decline of mental functions such as language, memory, attention, thinking and calculation. To address this problem, early diagnostic tools have been developed due to its high prevalence. In order to analyze the efficacy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test in comparison with the Mini-Mental Test in the early detection of cognitive impairment in older adults, a narrative literature review was conducted. We included full articles published in the last five years, without language restrictions, covering quantitative methodological designs and quality evidence categorized in quartiles one to four. The search was carried out in electronic databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct and Scopus, and the data were organized following the parameters of the PRISMA Guide. The results indicated variations in sensitivity and specificity between MoCa and MMSE, highlighting a higher sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 60% for the former. This suggests an advantage in the early detection of cognitive impairment using MoCa. In conclusion, the analysis revealed an association of cognitive decline in older adults with age and educational level, with less cognitive development observed in those with lower educational levels. However, limitations were identified in the availability of articles that met the inclusion criteria, as well as a paucity of research focused on the comparison between the MoCA and the MMSE