Frecuencia de aloanticuerpos en receptores de componentes sanguíneos en el Banco de Sangre del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso 2023

Abstract

Alloantibodies all, so-called antierytrochytic antibodies, are generated by the inmune system as a response to foreign antigens that can be found in red blood cells, leading to blood incompatibility. These can appear as a consequence of blood transfusions or during pregnancy due to discordance of blood type between mother and fetus. The antigens systems that more frequently interact with antibodies for the development of alloantibodies are the systems Rh, Duffy, Kidd, Kell, and MNS. Antibodies antierytrochytic can cause alloimmunization due to antigenic stimulus, given the fact that blood cells possess proteins in their membrane that act as an immunogen and provoke an immune response in the receptors that lack these antigens, giving. As a result, transfusion hemolytic disease also limits the effective transfusion therapy for the patient. Blood compatibility tests done by blood banks are relevant in blood transfusions, given that their objective is to ensure that the receptor's immune system does not reject the blood component transfused, avoiding side effects, whether it's immediate or late, that can compromise the patient's life. This study realized in the blood bank of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso during the year 2023, has the objective to determine the frequency of allantibodies of receptors of blood componentes. We carried out a transversal, retrospective and descriptive analysis. The results indicated that 0,98% of receptors presented alloantibodies being the most common the following: anti-Rh (0,41%), antibodies from the Kell system (0,22%) and the Lutheran system (0,10%). These results bring out the importance of pre-transfusion screening to optimize safety in blood transfusions.