Prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión y sus determinantes sociales en el personal que labora en el área de emergencia del Hospital de especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, Abril-Junio 2021

Abstract

Depression is an affective state of dysphoria characterized by sadness, tiredness, low self-esteem and insomnia; while anxiety is a psychological and physiological state characterized by somatic, emotional and behavioral components that create nervousness and fear (1, 2). In Ecuador, at regional level depression is the first cause of disability, with 7.8% of total disability (3). General objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their social determinants in the personnel working in the emergency area of the Hospital of specialities José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, April -June 2021. Methodology: Descriptive study, Cross-sectional, field and non-experimental study. Three instruments were used: Sociodemographic characteristics, INEC socioeconomic level survey and Hamilton anxiety-depression questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS 21 platform. Results: The sample consisted mostly of women (60.2%), with a mean age of 24.33 years. The predominant profession was nursing (45.6%). The prevalence of anxiety was 60.19%, ranging from mild (46.60%) to moderate (13.59%); and the prevalence of depression was 48.54%, with 32.04% for mild depression and 10.68% for moderate depression. With p>0.05, there was no significant association between social determinants with anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Anxiety, due to its high prevalence, is the problem of greatest concern in this study population, and is more prevalent than depression; however, it is not significantly related to social determinants.