Prevalencia de hipoglicemia neonatal y los factores de riesgo en recién nacidos del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues julio-diciembre 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a frequent complication in neonates, especially when there are associated maternal-fetal comorbidities. It can occur asymptomatically or in severe cases as a refractory epileptic disorder, hypoglycemia can be primary or secondary to disorders such as prematurity, sepsis, hypoxia, ischemic encephalopathy; presentation in most cases occurs within the first 24 hours. Continuous glucose monitoring is recommended for the detection and treatment of hypoglycemia. Methodology: An observational, analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 297 newborns from the Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. The variables of interest in the study are gestational age, nutritional status of the newborn, comorbidities, clinical manifestations and glycemia values. The analysis was performed with the SPSS v15.0 program using descriptive and inferential statistics, considering statistically significant results at values of p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia is 11.1% (95% CI: 7.82 - 14.38), it is more frequent in children with low weight 3.7%, normal weight 6.1% and overweight 1.0% and in those with short stature 10.4%. A statistically significant association was found with prematurity OR 3.49 (95% CI: 1.63-7.46); as with small size OR 6.74 (95% CI: 1.57- 28.84).

Conclusions: the prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia is low and is associated with the nutritional status and size of the newborn.