Validez de la ultrasonografía en el diagnóstico del bajo peso al nacer en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, 2018-2019

Abstract

Introduction: low birth weight is a determining factor in infant mortality. The main diagnostic method is ultrasonography. Objective: to validate ultrasonography in the diagnosis of low birth weight in patients at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period 2018 - 2019. Materials and methods: quantitative, observational study, diagnostic validation. 236 records of newborns whose echographic anthropometry was taken by the Hadlock method were included. The information was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 15.0, applying descriptive statistics, the results of frequency, percentage, measures of central tendency and dispersion were presented depending on the variable analyzed, the ROC curve, evaluated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative. Results: 90.3% of women were between the ages of 20 and 39, 47% were married, 41.9% had secondary education, 52.5% lived in rural areas. 82.2% of pregnant women presented a full-term gestational age by LMP or early ultrasound, 90.7% had ≥ 5 prenatal check-ups, 4.2% of pregnant women had a history of low-weight newborns. The anthropometric characteristics 64% presented a weight greater than 2500 gr and 4.2% were considered premature according to Capurro's calculation. The ultrasound weight calculation was a diagnostic test with adequate diagnostic value with statistical significance (AUC: 0.85; p-value: 0.000) in relation to the prediction of low birth weight. Sensitivity values were 85.88% and specificity 74.17%, with a NPV of 90.32% and a PPV of 65.18%.