Determinación de Leishmania spp. en perros (Canis Lupus Familiaris) residentes en zonas tropicales de la provincia de Pichincha

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a public health disease due to its level of zoonosis, distributed worldwide including our country. This disease affects both human beings and wild and domestic animals, the domestic canine is epidemiologically considered as an accidental host due to all the above, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the presence of Leishmania spp. in mongrel dogs residing in tropical areas of the province of Pichincha, for this, 113 dogs (58 males and 55 females) with dermatological lesions were sampled and distributed according to the age group in puppies 33 (29.2%), adults 38 (33 , 6%), geriatric 42 (37.2%), and distributed in peri- urban areas 10 (8.8%) and rural 103 (91.2%). Skin cytologies (pustules, ulcers, scabs) were taken from these animals. In addition, samples were taken by means of fine needle puncture (FAP) of submandibular or popliteal lymph nodes; all samples were processed by DiffQuick staining. It was determined that the prevalence of leishmaniasis in the study area was 12.4% (14/113 cases) and that the effective diagnostic method was through lymph node cytology. The age groups with the highest number of cases were: adults (42.9%) and geriatric (42.9%). Statistically (gl = 1; p <0.05) the presence of the disease is significant with respect to the diagnostic method, and it is not significant (gl = 2; p> 0.05) for age, (gl = 1; p > 0.05) habitat and (gl = 1; p> 0.05) type of exposure. It is concluded that there is the presence of leishmaniasis in the study areas and that the disease affects regardless of sex.