Facultad Ciencias Agropecuarias Tesis Maestrías

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Eficacia de membrana de plasma rica en fibrina avanzada autóloga en el tratamiento de enfermedad periodontal en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-14) Jara Martínez, Joel Jhonnatan; Egas Vilac, María José
Periodontal disease (PD) is the most frequent problem in dogs and cats, it is the cause of systemic problems due to the access to the bloodstream of bacteria, surgical treatment methods with adjuvants have been used to repair the alterations generated by PD, being platelet rich fibrin (PRF) a platelet concentrate that stimulates the restoration of periodontal tissue. The objective of the research was to determine the efficacy of surgical implantation of advanced autologous platelet rich fibrin membrane in the periodontium for tissue restoration as an adjunct in the treatment of PD in canines (Canis lupus familiaris), through clinical and radiographic evaluation in a 6-week period, they were divided into 2 groups: treatment group 1: open flap debridement + advanced platelet rich fibrin membrane (DCA + A-PRF) (n = 23); control group 2: open flap debridement (DCA) (n = 23), our results showed a reduction in the furcation index, of pieces treated with PRF of 83,3%, 50% were reduced to grade I, but no significant differences per treatment, in addition, the reduction of the periodontal pocket was significant (p <0,002) in the 91% of teeth; obtaining 0,63 mm of improvement at day 42 in the PRF group vs 0,28 mm in the DCA group. In the results of the alveolar margin defect index (AMA), the A-PRF treatment showed a better percentage than the DCA treatment (16,13%> 2,5%) and (18,64%> 5,46%). In conclusion, the application of the DCA + A-PRF is effective in improving dental health status of teeth for dogs with PD in a period of 6 weeks.
Estimación de la población de perros y gatos vagabundos dentro del cantón Riobamba
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-23) Trujillo Santillán, Natalia Stefanía; Grijalva Rosero, Colón Jaime
Free-roaming cats and dogs have a high impact on the environmental and are considered a public health problem because they are carriers of often zoonotic diseases. The present study was carried out in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador, which has 258,597 inhabitants and 97,970 hectares of surface. The sample of this study was obtained from the census areas of the Canton provided by INEC (National Institute of Statistics and Censuses), 10 randomly chosen areas 7 urban zone and 2 rural parishes. The tours were carried out from 04:00 to 06:00 (local time) with two members of the team, one for cats and one for dogs, collecting the data (number of sightings, distance to the animal, degrees to the animal, degrees to the transect). The data was tabulated in Excel® and the Distance® program was used to choose the model and estimate the population dogs and cats. The best model for dogs were Hazard rate – Simple polynomial with 10% truncated and for cats Negative Exponential – Simple polynomial with 10% truncated, these were adjusted based on the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion). The population density per hectare for dogs was 1.16 dogs/ha and for cats 0.44 cats/ha. The total population estimate 113,577 dogs and 43,403 cats. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were made in RStudio® program to identify factors of overpopulation of dogs and cats, the variables studied were based on the 2010 Population and Housing Census. With Poisson regression, an association was found between white ethnicity and the number of dogs per kilometer. In the case of cats, no associations were found with the variables studied. With these results, the baseline on the demography of stray dogs and cats was obtained to take strategies regarding urban fauna and public policy of the Riobamba City.
Uso de la piel de tilapia (Oreochromis spp) como tratamiento en heridas expuestas con pérdida de continuidad en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-08-08) Galarza Pesantez, Rommy Leonardo; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro
The present study aimed to establish the healing process using tilapia skin as a treatment for exposed wounds in canine patients compared to the effects of using honey bandages as a traditional treatment together with a control group. 21 patients were treated divided into 3 groups (T1 tilapia skin, T2 honey and T3 control), wound closure processes were evaluated at 5, 10 and 15 days in each treatment, the same antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment was used in the three groups, it was observed that by means of the Byung Joo scale used to evaluate the closure stage in which the wounds are found, the tilapia skin treatment yielded the best results since on day 10 it presented the 28.60% of the patients already in stage 4, which did not happen with the honey treatment since it had 0% of patients in this stage, in terms of the size of the wound closure it was found that the size of the wounds decreased considerably with the tilapia treatment on day 15 since it had an average wound size of 2.96 cm2 compared to the honey treatment that presented 3.24 cm2 on day 15, with the results obtained regarding costs it can be observed that the tilapia skin treatment had better results compared with the honey treatment, since it had an average of $ 9.79 per patient and the honey treatment $ 14.03 per patient, it should be noted that the control treatment had the lowest cost per patient ($ 5.24) but this is because only antibiotic treatment was applied and anti-inflammatory, but it took longer to heal the wounds.
Identificación y resistencia antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus provenientes de lesiones piodérmicas de perros (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-18) Galarza Alvarado, María Paz; Galarza Molina, Enmanuel Leonardo
The objective of the present investigation was to identify the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in 153 dogs without distinction of sex, age and breed, which had pyodermic lesions as the main inclusion criteria. These patients underwent a dermatological examination, cytology, culture, bacterial identification and the positive ones of S. aureus underwent an antibiogram with the main antibiotics currently used (amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, cephalexin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, neomycin, gentamicin, azithromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin). In the present investigation, a frequency table was performed with a 95% confidence interval, a logistic regression, Odds Ratio and a Chi Square test, of the 153 samples obtained, 17 were positive for S. aureus, representing 11.11% of the population, these samples were processed for antibiogram, greater resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline was obtained, in the same way multiresistance according to the odds ratio is more present in geriatric patients, males with recurrent deep pyodermas, external deworming of less than 1 year and with onset of signs of less than 12 months of evolution. It is concluded in this way that there is presence of this pathogen and its multi-resistance, this type of patients should be considered and if they already have recurrent pyoderma problems, always carry out a culture and antibiogram to determine the specific treatment for each patient and avoid more antibacterial resistance and its zoonotic risk.
Seroprevalencia de brucelosis canina en refugios del cantón Cuenca y sus factores predisponentes
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-18) Galarza Alvarado, Tania Paulina; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago
Dogs from shelters can be carriers of infectious diseases transmissible to humans and other animal species because their health status is unknown. Hence, this work aims to determine the seroprevalence of canine Brucellosis in shelters in the canton cuenca and its predisposing factors. To this end, blood samples were obtained from 166 domestic dogs from five shelters, an epidemiological survey was carried out and a general clinical examination was carried out to determine predisposing factors to the presence of the disease. The samples were analyzed by immunochromatography, obtaining a total prevalence of 6%. Seroprevalence varied according to the shelter analyzed, with Refuge 3 being the most prevalent (13%), Refuge 4 (11%), and Refuge 1 (4%); shelters 2 and 5 had no B. canis positive cases. There was no associativity between the factors malnutrition, parasitized animals, canines of rural origin, animal welfare although there were differences in the prevalence of seropositive animals. As there were fewer than 5 cases in the distribution in factors such as estrus, pregnancy, abortion and offspring, it was not possible to establish associativity. The analysis of probabilities indicated that pregnancy (21.14), presence of offspring (11.77), abortion (10.13) and presence of estrus are the factors that could predispose to the presence of seropositive animals. This research shows the contact of dogs from shelters with the bacterium B. canis, constituting a risk to public health. Once the results were obtained through the immunochromatography test, the data were tabulated, related and analyzed according to the clinical history and epidemiological study of each of the 166 canines, in order to establish the prevalence and factors associated with brucellosis. Once the tabulated data of the surveys were correlated with those of the laboratory, finally, these results obtained from the research were defined; the statistical part was carried out by means of correlation tests, Odds Ratio, Chi square.
Comparación del tratamiento de heridas abiertas en piel en base a Triticum vulgare y Óxido de zinc en perros (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-15) Espinosa Carrión, Andrea Viviana; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro
In the daily routine of the veterinary clinic there is a high incidence of attention to animals affected by injuries in the skin. Most of these open wounds are sutured, but sometimes for different reasons the sutures break; in other cases there are wounds that cannot be sutured at first and alternative treatments are needed to heal. There are few natural topical alternatives that have a quick and inexpensive result in treating wounds; In human medicine the extract of Triticum vulgare (ETV) is used where the wheat seed germinates in particular conditions of suffering, temperature below 4°C and absolute darkness from which its extract is obtained; there are few studies showing positive results with ETV application in animals. The objective of this study was to compare the healing time of open wounds in dogs, treated with Triticum vulgare extract cream and Zinc Oxide cream. A total of 21 patients with open wounds were evaluated, divided into 3 groups of 7 patients for each of the treatments: T0 or Control, T1-Zinc Oxide, T2-Tritucum vulgare. The wounds were recorded according to Kundin's method, and Byung Joo's method was used for their description. Descriptive statistics, Chi Square, ANOVA and, where necessary, Duncan's test of significance were used for statistical analysis. The results obtained on day 5 of application showed a reduction of the wound comparing to the initial values, where Zinc Oxide (T1.-OZ) reduced 57% of the total wound, this reduction value is greater than ETV (T2.-ETV) and statistically similar to the Control (T0.-Control). From day 10 these values are standardized and gradually reduced in the same way in all treatments until day 15. There is no statistically significant difference between the treatments used and the percentage of wound closure on days 10 and 15 behaving in the same way. different shape only on day 5. Visually the treatments show different behaviors within the healing process, although all of them are efficient at the end of the process.
Comparación de la eficacia terapéutica con Tetraciclina (Doxiciclina) y Diamidina (Dipropionato de Imidocarb) contra Ehrlichia canis en perros (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-14) Flores Blacio, Marco Vinicio; Guerrero López, Ana Elizabeth
Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) is a Rickettsia responsible for canine ehrlichiosis, which is caused by the bite of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick, affecting mononuclear cells and reaching other organs, where they multiply. Its treatment is complex and prolonged, using antibiotics (Doxycycline) or Diamidine (Imidocarb Dipropionate) for 28 days, but most of the time it is not fulfilled. The objective was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of Tetracycline (Doxycycline) and Diamidine (Imidocarb Dipropionate) against E. canis at 30, 45 and 60 days post-treatment in 40 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), divided into 2 groups of 20 dogs for each one, being the first treated only with Doxycycline (10 mg/Kg/daily) and the second with Doxycycline (10 mg/Kg/daily) + Imidocarb Dipropionate (6.67 mg/Kg) applying 2 doses 15 days apart. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a non-significant statistical relationship (p>0.05) was obtained when comparing both treatments. But both therapeutic plans were effective in eliminating this microorganism in the analyzed dogs, with only one patient (3%) continuing to test positive even after 30 days of treatment, which belongs to the first group (Doxycycline). In conclusion, both treatments are highly effective in counteracting systemic infection caused by Ehrlichia canis, but in order to guarantee this fact, it is advisable to use both treatments simultaneously.
Efecto del inmunoestimulante Yatren® Caseína en el tratamiento del tumor venéreo transmisible en pacientes caninos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-14) Aroca Rivera, Noemí Elizabeth; Chalco Torres, Lorena Elizabeth
Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a problem in countries with a considerable population of street dogs in the sexually active phase. In veterinary practice, there are several treatment options against TVT, including the application of immunotherapy. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the immunostimulant Yatren® casein alone or in combination with a chemotherapeutic treatment (vincristine sulfate) on tumor regression in canine patients with TVT. This investigation was carried out in the veterinary clinics of the Santa Rosa and Machala cantons. For this purpose, a total of 24 canine patients diagnosed with TVT were randomly divided into 3 groups and treated with vincristine sulfate (n = 8), Yatren® casein (n = 8), and vincristine sulfate + Yatren® casein (n = 8), corresponding to treatments 1 (control), 2 and 3, respectively. The effect of the treatments evaluated: the macroscopic and histopathological changes produced in the tumors and the identification of alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters that can be produced by each of the treatments under study. To evaluate the effect of the treatments under study, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures was used. Considering as statistically significant difference p<0.05. It was possible to determine that the immunostimulant Yatren® casein as a single drug against TVT is not significantly effective, however, the association of this immunostimulant with Vincristine Sulfate, a chemotherapeutic, produced a significant tumor regression when compared with the other two treatments and highly significant in the comparison between each week of their application. Regarding the presentation of side effects, changes at the macroscopic and histopathological level, no significant differences were found to be taken into consideration.
Detección y caracterización fenotípica y molecular de aislados de Escherichia coli O157:H7 de origen canino (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-18) Vayas Minango, Betty Lorena; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157: H7 is one of several Shiga toxin-producing serotypes that cause disease in both humans and animals, the organism likely evolved through horizontal acquisition of genes for Shiga toxins and other virulence factors . The objective was to detect and characterize phenotypically and molecularly isolates of E. coli O157: H7 of canine origin (Canis lupus familairis), starting from a bank of E. coli strains (n = 122) for the detection of serotype O157: H7 obtaining 4 positive samples, the virulence genes found in the total of the samples were eaeA 5.74% and hlyA 0.82% in the first instance, for the case of stx1 and stx2 no positive results were obtained. The investigation was deepened with the transconjugation of donor and receptor bacteria (Strain J53) by means of cultures, once the colonies were obtained, the transconjugates were carried out with each positive bacterium for E.coli O157: H7 and their respective transconjugates (n = 9); Virulence genes were evaluated in the case of eaeA 88.88%, hlyA 44.44%, and resistance genes such as: TetA 22.22%, blaTEM 77.77%, blaCTX-M 88.88% by means of the PCR technique. For the detection of the resistance profiles of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC-type beta-lactamases, the "Kirby & Bauer" disk diffusion method was performed, showing the 8 bacterial strains to be positive for both ESBL and AmpC; in addition to finding phenotypic resistance for: Cefotaxime 55%, Ciprofloxacin 33%, Enrofloxacin, 44%, Sulfamethoxazole / Trimetropim 44%, Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Erythromycin 88%. This study provides information about the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in dogs from the center of the country.
Evaluación de la electroretinografía para el diagnóstico de atrofia progresiva de la retina en pacientes caninos (Canis lupus familiaris) realizada con y sin anestesia
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-16) Paucar Paucar, Dina Paulina; Idrovo Ortiz, Jenny Zoraida
Veterinary ophthalmology is most important today, through it is possible to study and learn about the ocular physiology of animals and improve their quality of life, especially when they develop eye problems, blindness that far from reducing mobility allows them to develop other sense organs such as smell and hearing. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate electroretinography for the diagnosis of progressive retinal atrophy in canine patients (Canis lupus familiaris) with and without anesthesia, 40 dogs were evaluated at the MEDIPET Veterinary Hospital, in the Quito city, the results shows that: in the reading of the electroretinogram, 66.2% of the dogs present normal functionality, the detection of early progressive retinal atrophy (APRT) it was more efficient when anesthesia was used in the veterinary examination, in the same way to detect advanced progressive retinal atrophy (APRA) the requirement for anesthesia was evident. Regarding the suggestion of the use of anesthetic to more accurately identify the presence of APRT and APRA, it is evident that the incorporation of anesthesia prior to reading the electroretinogram improves the possibility of identifying abnormalities, both the Mc Nemar test and the binary logistic models date showed using classification tables for the right and left eyes that the use of anesthesia allows the detection of 70.10% and 70.70% of APRT and APRA.
Determinación de Leishmania spp. en perros (Canis Lupus Familiaris) residentes en zonas tropicales de la provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-09-30) Vargas Cano, Oscar Daniel; Pareja Mena, Verónica Alexandra
Leishmaniasis is a public health disease due to its level of zoonosis, distributed worldwide including our country. This disease affects both human beings and wild and domestic animals, the domestic canine is epidemiologically considered as an accidental host due to all the above, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the presence of Leishmania spp. in mongrel dogs residing in tropical areas of the province of Pichincha, for this, 113 dogs (58 males and 55 females) with dermatological lesions were sampled and distributed according to the age group in puppies 33 (29.2%), adults 38 (33 , 6%), geriatric 42 (37.2%), and distributed in peri- urban areas 10 (8.8%) and rural 103 (91.2%). Skin cytologies (pustules, ulcers, scabs) were taken from these animals. In addition, samples were taken by means of fine needle puncture (FAP) of submandibular or popliteal lymph nodes; all samples were processed by DiffQuick staining. It was determined that the prevalence of leishmaniasis in the study area was 12.4% (14/113 cases) and that the effective diagnostic method was through lymph node cytology. The age groups with the highest number of cases were: adults (42.9%) and geriatric (42.9%). Statistically (gl = 1; p <0.05) the presence of the disease is significant with respect to the diagnostic method, and it is not significant (gl = 2; p> 0.05) for age, (gl = 1; p > 0.05) habitat and (gl = 1; p> 0.05) type of exposure. It is concluded that there is the presence of leishmaniasis in the study areas and that the disease affects regardless of sex.
Evaluación de la aplicación de un ensayo LAMP para el diagnóstico de Parvovirus canino tipo 2 (CPV-2) en heces
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-09-29) Alvarado Dávila, Paola Gabriela; Palacios Ordóñez, Teófilo Estuardo
Canine parvovirus type 2 or (CPV-2) is a contagious infectious disease, the main cause of bloody diarrhea in puppies from 2 to 6 months of age, it is also known as canine viral enteritis and is produced by a DNA virus of In the family Parvoviridae, of the genus Parvovirus, the most common clinical signs are: anorexia, lethargy, fever, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration. Its diagnosis is made by means of an immunochromatography test for the detection of CPV-2 antigen, said test can be negative if the analysis is performed very early in the clinical course of the disease, another test used is LAMP, which is It is a unique method of gene amplification. The objective of this research was to identify the presence of CPV-2 genetic material by applying the LAMP diagnostic technique and the immunochromatography test on swabs of stool from dogs that presented clinical signs compatible with canine parvovirus. The results with the immunochromatography test showed that 8 of the 62 samples were positive for CPV-2 DNA, while in the LAMP test, 32 were positive for CPV-2 DNA out of a total of 62 samples analyzed; the sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 62.5%, while the specificity was 50%.
Relación entre hipoalbuminemia y proteinuria en pacientes con Ehrlichiosis canina
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-07-08) Barrera Cáceres, Cristina Lissette; Chávez García, Debbie Shirley
The objective of the present investigation was to establish the relationship between hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria in patients with canine Ehrlichiosis. For this purpose, blood and urine samples from 25 dogs, patients from the Animalia Veterinary Clinic of different ages, sexes and breeds seropositive to E. canis, were analyzed. The blood samples were subjected to blood and immunochromatographic evaluations "SensPERT-caniV-4", while the urine samples were subjected to urianalysis using reagent strips and a refractometer. Of the blood samples, 80% (20/25) presented alterations in which we can highlight thrombocytopenia and 56% (14/25) had non- regenerative hyperchromic normocytic anemia. Regarding the findings in the blood biochemistry and the urianalysis, 24% (6/25) showed hypoalbuminemia and 64% (16/25) proteinuria, 52% (13/25) azotemia and 48% (12 / 25) hyponatremia of the sampled dogs. The albumin values obtained in the blood biochemistry and those of protein in the urianalysis examinations did not represent congruence and similarity at the time of their comparison during the descriptive or statistical analysis, so we can conclude that there is no direct relationship between the levels of hypoalbuminemia with proteinuria levels therefore do not depend on each other. However, it can be indicated that the blood profile analyzed leads us to the correct diagnosis of E. canis.
Estudio retrospectivo de patologías de disco intervertebral en perros (canis lupus familiaris), diagnosticados mediante resonancia magnética (en la ciudad de Quito en el período 2011 a 2019)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-07-27) Vallejo Bravomalo, Diana Beatriz; López Paredes, Nadia Valeria
The objective of the present investigation, it is to identify the frequency of intervertebral disk disease in dogs diagnosed with magnetic resonance, through a retrospective analysis according to breed characteristic, age, sex, neurolocation and type of hernia. We evaluated 179 clinic reports that belong to patient from the city of Quito remitted from RADIO VET service for the imaging study of spine for the last 8 years. For the statistical analysis developed tables of contigency and frecuency with chi square obtaining the highest frecuency of intervertebral hernia disk that show up in 2018 (33.7%), in accordance with the neurolocation of hernias , the segment with higher frecuency was thoracolumbar (65,4 %), regarding with the breed characteristic , the highest number of cases in the condrodystrophic (75,4%) than in the non condrodystrophic (24,6%). Age was another characteristic analyzed and with highest predisposition was find with adult dogs in a range of 4-7 years (49,7%). When considering sex, it was determined that males were the most affected presenting (61,5%) of the cases. Finally, the frequency of presentation of herniated discs was analyzed: Hansen type 1 (HI) and 2 (HII), finding that patients with HI and HI herniated discs represented the highest percentage of patients considered in the study (47%), followed by those who only presented with herniated discs HII (33%) and HI (19.6%). When analyzing the neurolocation, the predisposition of the male patients (p <0.05) and those patients with chondrodystrophic characteristics (p <0.05) who presented with lesions in the cervical segment was determined. In relation to the cervical thoracic segment, adult patients were those who developed the most pathology (P <0.05); and with respect to the lumbosacral segment, the chondrodisophic characteristic (P <0.05) was a predisposing factor for presenting the lesion. No specific risk factor was determined for the presence of intervertebral disc herniation.
Estudio retrospectivo del carcinoma de células escamosas en perros durante el periodo 2014 – 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-26) Del Real Muñoz, María Francisca; Pareja Mena, Verónica Alexandra
The aim of this retrospective investigation was the determination of the frequency of presentation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) in samples of canines admitted to a veterinary diagnostic center located at Quito city during the period 2014 to 2018, and their association to risk factors. The information of a total of 1918 clinical cases reported with canine malignancies was used, of which 1848 met the inclusion criteria and was part of the sample. For the development of the retrospective analysis, the inclusion of clinical cases related to neoplasms was considered, clinical cases were classified based on type of study, biopsy or cytology, and pathology´s lineage, subsequently the cases group related to epithelial lineage and specifically SCC and Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma, was analyzed. The statistical analysis was divided into descriptive analysis based on percentage calculations by levels and inferential statistical analysis to determinate association of variables age, breed and sex of patients against the presentation of SCC by chi-square at a confidence level of 95%, also calculating the contingency coefficient for determining the level of risk by odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (IC 95%). It was determined that the percentage of presentation of SCC cases during the period 2014 to 2018 was 7.14% (132), of 1848 of clinical cases, it was also determined that there is no association between the variable age versus to the pathology, reaching a p-value of 0.650 in the chisquare test; and contingency value of 0.018, determining the low relationship between variables; on the other hand, the association of the breed and sex variables was determined against the pathology in the chi-square test (p-value 0.000) and a contingency coefficient of 0.396 and 0.181 respectively, which determines an high and average level of association. It is concluded that there is no association or greater risk of SCC by age, but in the case of breed with short hair and male canines.
Implementación del método amplificación isotérmica mediada por un lazo (LAMP) para la detección de Toxoplasma gondii en muestras sanguíneas de gatos (Felis catus)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-19) Aguirre Serrano, María Fernanda; Teófilo Estuardo Palacios Ordoñez
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease, which etiologic agent is a protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite is responsible for one of the most common parasitic infections in humans and warm-blooded animals, being cats the only definitive hosts. Several diagnostic techniques have been used to find T. gondii in all types of samples, with the indirect ELISA methodology and direct PCR being the most reliable but not very affordable by the cost. The erratic behavior of the parasite does not facilitate the possibility of finding positive results throughout the life cycle of the parasite in the organism of the animal, so it can give us false negative results, although the animal has suffered the disease at some point in its life. The present study proposed to implement a LAMP test to detect genetic material of T. gondii in blood samples of cats (Felis catus domesticus) without distinction of race, age or sex, which main characteristic was to maintain direct contact with the outside environment, to have hunting habits and not having access to a sandbox, risk factors that expose the animal to acquire the disease more easily. Total DNA was obtained from 100 samples and the LAMP method was applied; the results showed 1 positive sample to Toxoplama gondii. Then with this result a comparison was made with the study of Seroprevalence of T. gondii in the City of Cuenca using the Indirect Inmunofluorescence technique with 300 blood samples from cats of which 48 were positive samples. Although the two trials differ in methodology, number of samples and do not belong to the same individuals, the positive results agree to be exposed to the same risk factors. The statistical analysis applied with the Difference of proportions test, found that there is a significant difference between both tests, being the most specific the Serodiagnosis. Despite, LAMP has not shown a greater amount of positive results, it can be attributed to the fact that the type of sample (blood) is not the most suitable for the study of Toxoplasmosis.
Estudio retrospectivo de mastocitoma cutáneo en perros (Canis lupus familiaris) diagnosticado por histopatología en el período 2014-2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-20) Jaramillo Burneo, María José; Ortiz Yépez, Julio Renán
The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological reports of the histopathology laboratory "Histodiagnóstico Veterinario ". A total of 1444 cases of cutaneous neoplasms with a specific diagnosis of cutaneous mast cell tumor in dogs were taken into account through a retrospective analysis between 2014 and 2018, obtaining a frequency of presentation of cutaneous mast cell tumor of 15% (216/1444). According to the Patnaik scale when classifying the mast cell tumor, a higher presentation of grade II was found in females (53%), the most affected age range is between 5.1 and 9 years (43%), the most affected breed were the mixed breeds (13 %), the most frequent anatomical location was the trunk (32%); and, the surgical margins reported with the highest occurrence were near the edges (73%). According to the Kiupel scale, the low-grade cutaneous mast cell tumor was reported, with females being the most affected (60%), the age between 5.1 to 9 years was mostly reported (42%), mixed breeds were diagnosed with greater occurrence (17%), the most common anatomical location was the trunk (36%); and the surgical margins were most of the time observed near the edges (69%). Female patients are at greater risk (OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.81-7.53), geriatric patients (> 9.1 years) are at a higher risk of developing high-grade mast cell tumor compared to young patients and adults (OR <1); the breeds with the highest risk of developing high grade malignancies were: French Bulldog (OR = 4.35; 95% CI: 0.73-25.6), Shar Pei (OR = 4.64; 95% CI: 1.2317.52), and Golden Retriever (OR = 5.80; 95% CI: 1.21-27.63).
Evaluación de la adquisición de habilidad quirúrgica en un programa de entrenamiento avanzado para la ovario-histerectomía laparoscópica en perras en un modelo inanimado de caja
(2020-03-09) Andrade Espinoza, María Belén; Maldonado Estrada, Juan Guillermo
A key situation to be solved during training in veterinary laparoscopic surgery is the lack of suitable programs for the voluntary acquisition of skills by the apprentices, that include deliberate practice, allowing the final goal of acquisition skills in a safe and controlled environment, before working directly in the patient’s surgery. In this context, the simulation devices are at the top of choices for the acquisition of basic and advanced laparoscopic surgery skills, that prepares the apprentice for its better performance “hands-on” in the surgery room. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acquisition of laparoscopy surgery skills, through an advance program for training laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in dogs using a non-animated simulator. The apprentices (n = 5) with no previous experience in laparoscopic surgery, were evaluated using the Global Objective Advanced Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) scale, as a qualitative measurement of their surgical skills in laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy before and after performing the training curriculum. The GOALS score of the apprentices were compared to the GOALS score of three veterinary surgeons trained in laparoscopic surgery, and the score were assigned by two independent experts in laparoscopic surgery. The data was evaluated by non-parametric statistics, using the Student t- Test. Comparison of data on time expended by the apprentices between the initial and the final time of the experiments, were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the time required for performing the steps of the laparoscopic procedure and the GOALS score, significantly improved after the training period in the apprentice. As expected the corresponding values were significantly better in the experts compared to the apprentices. Data from the quantitative analysis that were captured by the use of the iGlove, showed a statistically significant increase in the apprentice’s surgical abilities after finishing the training curriculum, including the overall time of the procedure, angularity and Suddenness of movements, compared to the values of time zero (before training). The quantitative values of expert were statistically significant better compared to the apprentices before and after training (P<0.01). These results suggest that the training curriculum and the simulation devised used, were appropriate for the acquisition of laparoscopic skills for performing ovariohysterectomy in dogs.
Osmolaridad de la película lagrimal y test de Schirmer en el diagnóstico de Queratoconjuntivitis seca en perros (Canis lupus familiaris) en relación a su condición sexual”
(2020-03-03) Mejía Freire, María Gabriela; Idrovo Ortiz, Jenny Zoraida
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is one of the most common eyeball diseases in dogs, caused by inadequate tear production, limiting its quality and favouring vision loss. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs according to their sex and sexual condition, through the relationship of tear production and tear quality. 48 dogs between 1 and 5 years old were used, divided into 2 groups according to their sex (male / female) and these in subgroups by their sexual condition (intact / neutered). For the diagnosis, the Schirmer 1 Test was used for the measurement of tear quantity and the Osmolarity for the determination of tear quality. In the experimental design, an ANOVA was used to determine the homogeneity of variances and ranges were established according to severity for the two diagnostic methods. Categorical relationships were used using contingency tables and the Chi-square test to establish the presence of significant differences. Concluding that Schirmer levels between intact and neutered dogs without regard to sex (18.93 mm / min ± 5.46) did not show a significant difference (p <0.05), while for osmolarity between intact and neutered dogs (325.75 ± 23.01 mOsm / L) they presented significant differences (p> 0.05); and it was determined that, according to sex, males presented variation in osmolarity levels compared to intact (333.92 ± 4.71) and neutered (317.56 ± 4.14), and it was shown that in relation to tear quality, with the Schirmer Test 1 it presented no significance.
Caracterización de fracturas del esqueleto apendicular en perros según la clasificación AO entre los años 2015 al 2018
(2020-01-06) Mora Tola, Miguel Andrés; Carpio Alemán, Fredi Marco
Fractures are perhaps the most frequent lesions found in the musculoskeletal system of dogs, which is why it is vital to make an adequate interpretation of the type of fracture, which is done through an appropriate radiographic study, and to make the correct decision regarding the treatment. This important note leads us to systematize the fractures based on the AO classification, which will allow us to manage the appropriate terms required for standardization. Since there are no studies on the characterization of fractures of the appendicular skeleton of dogs in the city of Cuenca, this research intends to fill this gap, for which 383 digital radiographic studies of dogs, provided by 3 Veterinary Clinics of the city of Basin that have a digital radiology service, which presented fractures in the appendicular skeleton (Humerus, Radius/Ulna, Femur and Tibia/Fibula), and were characterized according to the AO classification. The variables used were fractured bone versus race, age, sex and strain; these data being analyzed with the SPSS statistical program, with a 95% confidence interval. This thesis is composed of an introduction, objectives, followed by the review of literature, methodology, presentation of results, discussion, conclusions and recommendations. In accordance with what was obtained, results showed that the Femur was the most fractured bone; in relation to the other variables, mixed race, male sex, age range from > 1 to 3 years, and high strain prevail. It was concluded that in the practice of medicine and surgery in dogs, there will be mostly fractures in Femur with high strain, so it is important that veterinarians know how to properly classify a fracture guided by the AO classification and perform effective treatments for the most frequent types of fractures found in the city of Cuenca.

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