Prevalencia de la infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud y su relación con determinantes de la salud en pacientes de las UCIs del hospital José Carrasco Arteaga del IESS, en el año 2019

Abstract

Background: Health care-associated infections, HAIs, represent a public health care problem, appearing for the first time 48 hours or more after hospitalization or within 30 days after receiving medical care. Objective: to determine the prevalence of Infections Associated with Health Care and its relationship with determinants of health over patients of the ICUs of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital of the IESS, in the year 2019. Methodology: an analytical study was carried out with the medical records of 515 patients treated in 2019 in the ICU of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. The data was collected in a form and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Simple and double-entry tables were used, the RP statisticians represent risk when the value is greater than 1, with a significance level of 95% (p<0.05) to measure the relationship between the presence of I HAIs and the determinants of health. Results: Older adults (47.4%) predominated in the study population, with 53% male, preferably residing in urban areas (70.3%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes and cancer. The majority used medical devices in their treatment (74%), with hospital stays of 3 to 6 days (76.3%). The HAIs were caused by both bacteria: Gram negative: Escherichia coli 25%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 12.7% and Gram positive: Staphylococcus spp 27%, the most frequent fungus was Candida glabrata with 2.5%. There was a significant relationship between in-hospital factors and HAIs, not so with out-of-hospital factors. Conclusions: The prevalence of HAIs was 15.3 per 100 patients. In-hospital factors were the most important, especially prolonged stay and the use of medical devices, mainly mechanical ventilation and bladder catheter.