Perspectivas de implementación del reajuste de terrenos en Ecuador: Análisis comparativo y oportunidades de aplicación de procesos metodológicos internacionales

Abstract

This paper analyzes land readjustment and proposes it as a central technical and legal tool for the structuring of urban development, the equitable redistribution of burdens and benefits, and the optimization of land use. Thus, through a comparative analysis of the models and procedures applied in countries such as Spain and Colombia, the normative, procedural and operational components of land readjustment are reviewed in order to evaluate their applicability to the Ecuadorian context. A descriptive qualitative methodology was applied, based on the review of scientific literature, from which eight relevant documents were selected among more than 17,000 texts analyzed. The findings allow us to affirm that land readjustment is not only technically feasible, but also legally adaptable, representing a solid alternative for equitable urban restructuring in Ecuador. Among the main conclusions, it was found that readjustment is a consolidated instrument in Spain and Colombia that allows obtaining public land (roads, green areas, facilities) and self‐financing the urbanization, while redistributing charges and benefits equitably, and it is a process articulated to a Partial Plan and an urban development action unit. In Spain, the process is based on the surface of the land contributed, while in Colombia it is based on the prior economic valuation of the land contributed to the readjustment. From the analysis carried out, concepts and criteria have been obtained that allow establishing recommendationsfor the development of municipal ordinancesthat allow detailing a methodology for the application of this management tool, also highlighting the need to strengthen the technical capacities of the municipalities. Recommendations are proposed for the development of municipal ordinances that define a methodology for the application of land readjustment.