Experiencia de niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad visual y el rol de sus representantes respecto a la salud bucal. Cuenca, 2023

Abstract

Visual impairment (VI) presents several challenges and its impact on oral health has not been sufficiently explored in the scientific literature. This study seeks to understand the experience of children and adolescents (CA) with VS and the role of their representatives with respect to oral health. Qualitative phenomenological study oriented to content analysis using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Ten children and adolescents with DV between 6 and 12 years of age were included along with their representatives. Chain sampling was used to recruit participants. The analysis was carried out through inductive and deductive coding, categorizing a priori knowledge, oral hygiene practices and the role of the representatives; as an emerging category, the difficulties experienced. The Atlas Ti version 23 software was used to manage and analyze the data collected. Knowledge, practices and difficulties in relation to oral care were evaluated to learn about the experience of children and adolescents with DV. Participants showed basic knowledge about the importance and prevention of oral diseases. Regarding practices, variations in brushing frequency and technique were evidenced. Barriers in oral care and lack of adapted products were identified. Mothers were the main caregivers, playing a fundamental role in daily care. Differences were identified in relation to oral care knowledge and practices, in addition to the difficulties they face in accessing adequate information. Representatives play a key role in the maintenance of oral health, although they also showed deficiencies in their knowledge.